Potential Anti-inflammatory Effects of Hesperidin from the Genus Citrus

Abstract

The benefits of the Mediterranean diet for protecting against many diseases are usually attributed to high consumption of certain foods, characterized by the presence of bioactive substances such as polyphenols. Citrus fruits, which are cultivated and consumed worldwide, are typical products of the Mediterranean diet. Inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases such as arthritis, allergies and neurodegenerative disorders, among others. Dietary polyphenols constitute a large family of bioactive substances with potential beneficial effects against a broad group of diseases. Citrus fruits and juices are a rich source of vitamin C and flavonoids, with a potential effect on the inflammatory response. Hesperidin is a flavonoid present in high concentration in citrus species and has numerous biological properties, principally antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. Several studies have been performed in order to evaluate the effects of hesperidin as anti-inflammatory agent using cellular and animal models and few clinical trials. In the present review, available literature about the anti-inflammatory effects of hesperidin is reported and discussed. Moreover, we also discuss the chemistry, bioavailability and proposed mechanisms of action of hesperidin.

Preventive effect of lemon seed flavonoids on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in mice

“…(À)-Epigallocatechin, caffeic acid, (À)-epicatechin, vitexin, quercetin, and hesperidin are all compounds with a better antioxidation effect, endowing LSF with certain anti-inammatory, anti-cancer, and other biological activities. [46][47][48][49][50][51] The combination of these six substances produced a better synergistic antioxidant effect and played an inhibitory role in the CCl 4 -induced liver injury.…”

Hesperidin regresses cardiac hypertrophy by virtue of PPAR‐γ agonistic, anti‐inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and antioxidant properties

“…Hesperidin (HES; 3,5,7‐trihydroxyflavanone 7‐rhamnoglucoside), a flavanone present in citrus fruits such as oranges and lemons, is known to possess antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and antiproliferative properties. It is known that stimulation of PPAR‐γ reduces inflammation and apoptosis, suggesting that PPAR‐γ activation may be crucial in a variety of pathophysiologies .…”

Pharmacology of Herbal Sexual Enhancers: A Review of Psychiatric and Neurological Adverse Effects

“…The bitter orange tree contains vitamins, minerals, terpenoids, and flavonoids [ 190 ]. The most abundant flavonoids are hesperetin and naringenin, which possess, together with terpenoids, carotenoids, and ascorbic acid, a free radical-scavenging ability and inhibit proinflammatory mediators release, exerting a powerful antioxidant activity and reducing tumoral cell proliferation [ 191 , 192 ]. Terpenoids such as d -limonene, α-pinene, β-myrcene, linalyl acetate, and linalool are the main volatile components of the plant [ 193 , 194 ], and are distilled or extracted from blooms, leaves, and orange peel to obtain essential oils (EOs) [ 195 ].…”