Potential applications of fish oils rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the management of gastrointestinal cancer

Eltweri, A.; Thomas, Anne; Metcalfe, Matthew S.; Calder, Philip C.; Dennison, Ashley R.; Bowrey, David J.

doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2016.01.007

Cited by 68 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…Another study demonstrated that EPA coupled with these two cytostatics inhibits cell growth, colonosphere formation, sphere-forming frequency and increases the sphere disintegration in otherwise resistant cells (Vasudevan et al, 2014). Similar synergistic interaction of n-3 PUFAs with chemotherapeutic agents was also supported by other authors; for more information, please see: (Jordan and Stein, 2003; Cai et al, 2014; Eltweri et al, 2016). Currently, 5-fluorouracyl and oxaliplatin are first line of treatment in CRC and EPA might be considered a valuable addition.…”

Section: Pufas In Colorectal Cancersupporting

confidence: 76%

“…In human CRC cell lines, n-3 PUFAs modulate both p53-dependent and independent pathways, inhibit COX2 pathway, suppress NF-κβ and downregulate Bcl-2 expression suggesting its anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic properties (Collett et al, 2001; Sala-Vila et al, 2010; Eltweri et al, 2016). The action of PUFAs on CRC cells is mediated by mitochondrial-dependent pathways and varies with a degree of cell differentiation.…”

Section: Pufas In Colorectal Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Derivatives: Therapeutic Value for Inflammatory, Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, and Colorectal Cancer

2016

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Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are bioactive lipids which modulate inflammation and immunity. They gained recognition in nutritional therapy and are recommended dietary supplements. There is a growing body of evidence suggesting the usefulness of PUFAs in active therapy of various gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. In this review we briefly cover the systematics of PUFAs and their metabolites, and elaborate on their possible use in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) with focus on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and colorectal cancer (CRC). Each section describes the latest findings from in vitro and in vivo studies, with reports of clinical interventions when available.

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Section: Pufas In Colorectal Cancersupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Pufas In Colorectal Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Derivatives: Therapeutic Value for Inflammatory, Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, and Colorectal Cancer

2016

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“…Be that as it may, in line with our data, an RNAseq analysis showed that higher ALOX15, but not ALOX5, mRNA expression was significantly associated with better overall survival of GC patients (TCGA, http://www.cbioportal.org). [13][14][15] Several studies have demonstrated that v-3 PUFA plays a direct anti-tumor or an adjuvant role in various cancers 41,42 by modulating cell proliferation or apoptosis [43][44][45] in the high micromolar range. 13,19,20 We believe that, in our system, the effects of an v-3 or v-6 diet on xenograft growth were predominantly due to differences in vessel density rather than to a direct effect on cell proliferation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formyl peptide receptor 1 suppresses gastric cancer angiogenesis and growth by exploiting inflammation resolution pathways

et al. 2017

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Chronic inflammation can result from inadequate engagement of resolution mechanisms, mainly accomplished by specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) arising from the metabolic activity of lipoxygenases (ALOX5/15) on ω-6 or ω-3 essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). We previously demonstrated that formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) suppresses gastric cancer (GC) by inhibiting its inflammatory/angiogenic potential. In this study, we asked whether FPR1 exploits inflammation resolution pathways to suppress GC angiogenesis and growth. Here, we demonstrate that genetic or pharmacologic modulation of FPR1 in GC cells regulated ALOX5/15 expression and production of the SPMs Resolvin D1 (RvD1) and Lipoxin B4 (LXB4). SPM treatment of GC cells abated their angiogenic potential. Genetic deletion of ALOX15 or of the RvD1 receptor GPR32 increased the angiogenic and tumorigenic activity of GC cells thereby mimicking FPR1 loss. Deletion/inhibition of ALOX5/15 or GPR32 blocked FPR1-mediated anti-angiogenic activities, indicating that ALOX5/15 and GPR32 are required for FPR1's pro-resolving action. An ω-3- or ω-6-enriched diet enforced SPM endogenous production in mice and inhibited growth of shFPR1 GC xenografts by suppressing their angiogenic activity. These data implicate that FPR1 and/or pro-resolving pathway components might be used as risk/prognostic markers for GC; ω-6/3-enriched diets, and targeting FPR1 or SPM machinery may be exploited for GC management.

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“…EPA and DHA are the main compounds responsible for health benefits, and bioactive properties . In particular, the beneficial effects of n‐3 PUFA on cardiovascular risk factors have been investigated extensively . Crude fish oil contains impurities and other undesirable compounds, which greatly reduce the stability and quality of fish oil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Changes in Volatile Compound and Fatty Acid Profiles of Fish Oil in Chemical Refining Process

Song

Dai

Shen

et al. 2017

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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In this study, the effect of chemical refining on the volatile compound and fatty acid profiles of crude fish oil is evaluated. The process mainly comprises degumming, deacidification, decoloration, and deodorization. The changes in volatile compounds during the refining process are detected by headspace solid phase micro extraction (HS‐SPME) coupled with gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). Meanwhile, the fatty acid profile is determined by GC. The results showed that hexanal, nonanal, undecanal, 2‐nonanone, and 2‐undecanone are the key volatile components of fish oil, and the relative content of each compound changed significantly in each step. The proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the refined oil increased, while the proportion of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) reduced significantly. This study provides a theoretical basis for the improvement of sensory characteristics of fish oil via chemical refining. Practical Applications: Chemical refining is employed for improving the characteristics of crude fish oil, mainly including the volatile compound and fatty acid compositions. The result demonstrated that the refining process could affect the volatile compound and fatty acid profiles significantly, which provided the theoretical foundation for the optimization of process conditions. An NMR‐based metabolomic approach,using “one‐to‐one” OPLS‐DA models, allows to identify biomarkers of different production zones in “Bosana” Sardinian EVOO.

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Potential applications of fish oils rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the management of gastrointestinal cancer

Cited by 68 publications

References 122 publications

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Derivatives: Therapeutic Value for Inflammatory, Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, and Colorectal Cancer

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Derivatives: Therapeutic Value for Inflammatory, Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, and Colorectal Cancer

Formyl peptide receptor 1 suppresses gastric cancer angiogenesis and growth by exploiting inflammation resolution pathways

Analysis of the Changes in Volatile Compound and Fatty Acid Profiles of Fish Oil in Chemical Refining Process

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