Potential Applications of Metal‐Doped Nanomaterials for Enhancing Solid‐State Hydrogen Storage

Abstract

Hydrogen energy is the primary replacement for fossil fuels in the future because of its advantages in terms of efficiency, cost‐effectiveness, and environmental friendliness. The fundamental issue with hydrogen, however, arises from its exceedingly low volumetric density; thus, developing efficient storage methods is critical to achieving a sustainable hydrogen economy. Hydrogen storage has demonstrated tremendous potential as a possible alternative for effective large‐scale storage. Due to their low cost, and high volumetric and gravimetric capacities, metal hydride‐based storage is considered the most prospective solid‐state storage material. Their low storage capacity nevertheless restricts their application effectively. Hence, the need to enhance the storage capacity by doping active metals becomes an interesting study area. With considerable success, metals, particularly transition metals, have been used to modify hydrides to improve their storage capacities. Owing to their strong and superior performance, active metals have demonstrated tremendous potential in increasing the performance of storage materials. This review critically examined recent developments in enhancing hydrogen storage characteristics through the incorporation of active metals. The preparation techniques for metal infiltration through different techniques, such as impregnation, ball/mechanical milling, and reflux were reported. The review describes significant advances in hydrogen storage characteristics due to metal doping and offers perspective recommendations for future research.