Potential Applications of Rhizobacteria as Eco-Friendly Biological Control, Plant Growth Promotion and Soil Metal Bioremediation

Abstract

Modern agriculture has an immense problem in the depletion of agricultural productivity owing to a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses. Agriculture’s sustainability and safety are dependent on ecologically friendly practices. Plant rhizobia have been proven to have an important role in disease control, as well as promoting plant growth, productivity, and biomass. Rhizobacteria are soil bacteria that live on the root surface and either directly or indirectly contribute to plant development. Rhizobia are used to induce mediated immune resistance through the manufacture of lytic enzymes, antibiotics, phytoalexins, phytohormone, metabolites. It supports the growth of plants through nitrogen fixation, nutrient enrichment, phosphate solubilization and phytohormone synthesis. In addition, it supports plants during different stresses such as temperature, osmotic, heavy metal and oxidative stress. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria have the ability to control heavy metal pollution of soils as well as enhancing plant growth in these soils. Efficient bioremediation is possible by using rhizobacterial inoculants, still, the distribution and functioning of microbes in the rhizosphere need to be fully explored. This review focuses on the effectiveness, biomonitoring processes and function in promoting plant development. Rhizobia application can be considered an alternative method for the improvement of biodiversity, agriculture, and the environment.

Heavy Metal Induced Oxidative Stress Mitigation and ROS Scavenging in Plants

“…This, in turn, leads to improved plant growth, increased tolerance to heavy metals, and overall enhanced plant fitness. By harnessing the beneficial interactions between plants and rhizospheric microorganisms, phytoremediation efforts can be further optimized, providing a more efficient and effective means of addressing heavy metal pollution in soil [ 113 , 124 , 125 , 126 , 127 ].…”

Biotechnological Key Genes of the Rhodococcus erythropolis MGMM8 Genome: Genes for Bioremediation, Antibiotics, Plant Protection, and Growth Stimulation

“…Most of the chemicals that are meant to solve the problems subsequently lead to complications that demand intensive alternative solutions. Bioremediation, alternative microbial antibiotics, and biocontrol agents with plant growth-promoting abilities are the biotechnological approaches that have been adopted in eradicating industrial contaminants, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and agricultural chemicals [ 1 ]. One of the biotechnological bacterial genera that have been deployed for this purpose is the actinomycetes genus Rhodoccoccus, based on its active secondary metabolites relevant in the above-mentioned sectors [ 2 , 3 ].…”