Potential arsenic–chromium–lead Co-contamination in the hilly terrain of Arunachal Pradesh, north-eastern India: Genesis and health perspective

Goswami, Ritusmita; Bhagat, Chandrashekhar; Lollen, Igo; Neog, Nikita; Barache, Umesh B.; Thakur, Ritu; Mahlknecht, Jürgen; Kumar, Manish

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138067

Cited by 20 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…A study on the Siang River reported the presence of various metals in high amounts resulting from excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides 10 . Another study in Itanagar which analysed groundwater samples reported Cr contamination that was three times higher than the WHO recommended values 11 . Cr is considered a group 1 carcinogen by the IARC 20 and is known to cause lung, liver, kidney, and skin damage and internal haemorrhage 21 whereas, As is known to be lethal 11 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Another study in Itanagar which analysed groundwater samples reported Cr contamination that was three times higher than the WHO recommended values 11 . Cr is considered a group 1 carcinogen by the IARC 20 and is known to cause lung, liver, kidney, and skin damage and internal haemorrhage 21 whereas, As is known to be lethal 11 . Likewise, Pb is known to damage the nervous system extensively and can also damage the kidneys and cause death 22 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Presence of Toxic Heavy Metals in Hill Water Bodies of Arunachal Pradesh, India – A Health Implication to the Indigenous Population

Soren,

Bayor,

Ekke

2023

JEOH

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Water bodies in hilly areas are considered the cleanest in India. They are also sites for household and recreation activities. On the contrary, they are disposal sites for household and toxic industrial wastes. This study evaluates the physio-chemical parameters and the toxic heavy metal content in two water bodies of Itanagar, the capital city of the Himalayan state of Arunachal Pradesh. Physiochemical parameters were evaluated using standard procedures and toxic heavy metal contents were analyzed using Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. The study revealed high dissolved oxygen contents in both water bodies. Other parameters such as alkalinity, carbon dioxide, phosphate, chloride, and nitrate contents were found to be within the permissible limits. However, lead and arsenic were found in trace amounts but below the permissible limits in both water bodies. Cadmium was exactly within the permissible limit whereas, antimony was found to exceed the permissible limit (0.010ppm). Also, chromium (0.070±0.002 ppm) in Ganga Lake and nickel (0.086±0.011 ppm) in Poma River were found to be above the permissible limits. The presence of toxic metals in these natural hilly areas is alarming and can be attributed to increasing anthropogenic activities. Adequate measures and precautions to prevent such contamination activities should be undertaken.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Presence of Toxic Heavy Metals in Hill Water Bodies of Arunachal Pradesh, India – A Health Implication to the Indigenous Population

Soren,

Bayor,

Ekke

2023

JEOH

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“…The toxicity of Cr(VI) has been linked to respiratory disorders, lung carcinoma, accumulation in the placenta, and foetal damage (He et al, 2020). Due to the severity of health hazard, Cr(VI) has been classi ed as human carcinogen and priority pollutant by various international agencies (Goswami et al, 2023). To avoid environmental pollution, Cr(VI) release to environment is regulated with a discharge limit 0.05 mg/L.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth-dependent Cr(VI) reduction by Alteromonas sp. under haloalkaline conditions: toxicity, removal mechanism and effect of heavy metals

Reddy,

Kavibharathi,

Singh

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Bacterial reduction of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) to trivalent chromium (Cr(III)) is a sustainable bioremediation approach. However, Cr(VI) by bacteria is severely impeded by Cr(VI) toxicity and complex environmental conditions like salt, alkaline pH and heavy metals. Hence, there is a need for Cr(VI) reducing bacteria to thrive as well as to metabolize under complex conditions. This study investigated Cr(VI) reduction, toxicity and removal mechanisms under complex conditions using an Alteromonas sp. isolated from the aerobic granular sludge cultivated from seawater-borne microorganisms. Rapid and complete removal of 100 mg/L Cr(VI) was achieved within 24 h under haloalkaline conditions (salinity: 3.5 to 7.5; pH 8 to 11). This strain exhibited high tolerance to heavy metals under haloalkaline conditions and reduced 100 mg/l Cr(VI) within 24 h in the presence of 100 mg/L As(V), 100 mg/L Pb(II), 50 mg/L Cu(II) or 5 mg/L Cd(II). The toxicity of Cr(VI) on the bacterial cells was evident by the increased reactive oxygen species levels and inhibition of esterase activity. Regardless of Cr(VI) toxicity, the cells grew and efficiently reduced Cr(VI) to Cr(III). The bacterial Cr(VI) reduction was strongly dependent on the growth, necessitating actively growing cells and growth medium. While, resting cells and spent medium barely contributed to Cr(VI) reduction. The biochemical assays revealed efficient Cr(VI) reduction using a cytosolic protein fraction from Alteromonas sp. and an exogenous reducing agent (e.g., NADPH). This study demonstrates an efficient Cr(VI) reduction system for potential Cr(VI) bioremediation applications under complex conditions including extreme haloalkaline conditions and toxic heavy metals.

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Arsenic and Chromium Induced Toxicity on Zebrafish Kidney: Mixture Effects on Oxidative Stress and Involvement of Nrf2‐Keap1‐ARE, DNA Repair, and Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathways

Kamila,

Dey,

Chattopadhyay

2024

J of Applied Toxicology

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In polluted water, cooccurrences of two carcinogens, arsenic (As) and chromium (Cr), are extensively reported. Individual effects of these heavy metals have been reported in kidney of fishes, but underlying molecular mechanisms are not well established. There is no report on combined exposure of As and Cr in kidney. Thus, the present study investigated and compared individual and combined effects of As and Cr on zebrafish (Danio rerio) kidney treating at their environmentally relevant concentrations for 15, 30, and 60 days. Increased ROS levels, lipid peroxidation, GSH level, and decreased catalase activity implied oxidative stress in treated zebrafish kidney. Damage in histoarchitecture in treated groups was also noticed. The current study involved gene expression study of Nrf2, an important transcription factor of cellular stress responses along with its negative regulator Keap1 and downstream antioxidant genes nqo1 and ho1. Results indicated activation of Nrf2‐Keap1 pathway after combined exposure. Expression pattern of ogg1, apex1, polb, and creb1 revealed the inhibition of base excision repair pathway in treatments. mRNA expression of tumor suppressor genes p53 and brca2 was also altered. Expressional alteration in bax, bcl2, caspase9, and caspase 3 indicated apoptosis (intrinsic pathway) induction, which was maximum in combined group. Inhibition of DNA repair and induction of apoptosis indicated that the activated antioxidant system was not enough to overcome the damage caused by As and Cr. Overall, this study revealed additive effects of As and Cr in zebrafish kidney after chronic exposure focusing cellular antioxidant and DNA damage responses.

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Potential arsenic–chromium–lead Co-contamination in the hilly terrain of Arunachal Pradesh, north-eastern India: Genesis and health perspective

Cited by 20 publications

References 60 publications

Presence of Toxic Heavy Metals in Hill Water Bodies of Arunachal Pradesh, India – A Health Implication to the Indigenous Population

Presence of Toxic Heavy Metals in Hill Water Bodies of Arunachal Pradesh, India – A Health Implication to the Indigenous Population

Growth-dependent Cr(VI) reduction by Alteromonas sp. under haloalkaline conditions: toxicity, removal mechanism and effect of heavy metals

Arsenic and Chromium Induced Toxicity on Zebrafish Kidney: Mixture Effects on Oxidative Stress and Involvement of Nrf2‐Keap1‐ARE, DNA Repair, and Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathways

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