Potential Availability of Energetically Usable Crop Residues in Nigeria

Jekayinfa, S.O.; Scholz, Volkhard

doi:10.1080/15567030701750549

Cited by 61 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…A kilogram of oven-dried biomass theoretically contains a calorific value of about 17-22 MJ (1 MJ = 10 6 J), but it decreases with increasing moisture contents [34]. The lower heating values of different crops residues vary from 13-19 MJ/kg [34,35]. In this study, the moisture content is set to air-dried weight with the average moisture content of about 20% typical of biomass used in rural areas.…”

Section: Thermal Output Of the Conversion Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-Wastes as an Alternative Household Cooking Energy Source in Ethiopia

Tucho

Nonhebel

2015

Energies

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Abstract:Up to the present day, wood has been used to supply the needs for cooking in rural Africa. Due to the ongoing deforestation, households need to change to other energy sources. To cover this need, a large amount of people are using residues from agriculture (straw, manure) instead. However, both straw and manure also have a function in agriculture for soil improvement. Using all the straw and manure will seriously affect the food production. In this paper we first determine the amount of energy that households need for cooking (about 7 GJ per year). Then we estimate the amount of residues that can be obtained from the agricultural system and the amount of energy for cooking that can be derived from this amount when different conversion techniques are used. The amount of residues needed is strongly affected by the technology used. The traditional three stone fires require at least two times as much resource than the more advanced technologies. Up to 4 ha of land or 15 cows are needed to provide enough straw and manure to cook on the traditional three stone fires. When more efficient techniques are used (briquetting, biogas) this can be reduced to 2 ha and six cows. Due to large variation in resource availability between households, about 80% of the households own less than 2 ha and 70% holds less than four cows. This means that even when modern, energy efficient techniques are used the largest share of the population is not able to generate enough energy for cooking from their own land and/or cattle. Most rural households in Sub-Saharan Africa may share similar resource holding characteristics for which the results from the current findings on Ethiopia can be relevant. OPEN ACCESSEnergies 2015, 8 9566

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Section: Thermal Output Of the Conversion Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-Wastes as an Alternative Household Cooking Energy Source in Ethiopia

Tucho

Nonhebel

2015

Energies

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“…Briquettes produced with the torrefied carrot waste were denser (0.86 g/cm 3 -0.90 g/cm 3 ) than those of sun-dried carrot waste (0.79 g/cm 3 -0.90 g/cm 3 ) with few exceptions. This could be attributed to an increase in lignin concentration caused by the pre-heating treatment, thereby improving the binding ability of the biomass and, consequently, enhancing the density [38,39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…There was no discernable pattern in percentage moisture content variation either due to torrefaction or increasing the ratio of paper in the mixture. The bulk density of the loose carrot leaves (0.228 g/cm 3 ) was slightly higher than that of the cabbage leaves (0.224 g/cm 3 ). The densities of briquettes ranged from 0.79 g/cm 3 to 0.96 g/cm 3 .…”

Section: Moisture Content and Densities Of Briquettesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The bulk density of the loose carrot leaves (0.228 g/cm 3 ) was slightly higher than that of the cabbage leaves (0.224 g/cm 3 ). The densities of briquettes ranged from 0.79 g/cm 3 to 0.96 g/cm 3 . There was no significant difference among the densities of the 16 briquette types, F (15, 64) = 1.14, p = 0.338.…”

Section: Moisture Content and Densities Of Briquettesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent decades, there has been a strong worldwide interest in the development of technologies that exploit renewable energy sources (green energy), both for its environmental and economic benefits [2]. According to Jekayinfa and Scholz [3] a country like Nigeria has abundant supplies of biomass resources, particularly in the form of agro-forestry residues and municipal solid waste which have the potential for energy generation. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential of Briquetting as a Waste-Management Option for Handling Market-Generated Vegetable Waste in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Akande

Olorunnisola

2018

Recycling

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Abstract:The conversion of biomass to high-density briquettes is a potential solution to solid waste problems as well as to a high dependence on fuel wood in developing countries. In this study, the potential of converting vegetable waste to briquettes using waste paper as a binder was investigated. A sample size of 30 respondents was interviewed using a self-administered questionnaire at the D-line fruit and vegetable market in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Carrot and cabbage leaves were selected for briquetting based on their availability and heating value. This waste was sun-dried, pulverized, torrefied and fermented. Briquettes were produced with a manual briquette press after the processed vegetable waste was mixed with waste paper in four paper:waste ratios, i.e., 10:90, 15:85, 20:80 and 25:75. The moisture content, densities and cooking efficiency of the briquettes were determined using the oven-drying method, the water-displacement method, and the water-boiling test, respectively. There was no observed trend in moisture content values of the briquettes, which varied significantly between 3.0% and 8.5%. There was no significant variation in the densities, which ranged from 0.79 g/cm 3 to 0.96 g/cm 3 for all the briquette types. A degree of compaction above 300% was achieved for all the briquette types. Water-boiling test results revealed that 10:90 paper:sun-dried cabbage briquettes had the highest ignitability of 0.32 min. Torrefied carrot briquettes with 25% paper had the least boiling time and the highest burning rates of 9.21 min and 4.89 g/min, respectively. It was concluded that cabbage and carrot waste can best be converted into good-quality briquettes after torrefaction.

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