Potential Beneficial Effects of Extra Virgin Olive Oils Characterized by High Content in Minor Polar Compounds in Nephropathic Patients: A Pilot Study

Abstract

Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is a lipid food, which constitutes a pillar of the Mediterranean diet. A high number of scientific data have demonstrated that it exerts a variety of beneficial effects on human health due to its peculiar chemical composition including fatty acids (98–99%) and other active compounds even if found in a very low percentage (1–2%). Among them, minor polar compounds (MCPs), represented mainly by phenolic compounds, are relevant for their healthy properties, as stated by the European Food Safety Authority’s (EFSA) claims. In this paper, we described the results obtained from a pilot in vivo study, focused for the first time on the evaluation of the possible beneficial effects of two EVOOs on chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients after the consumption of 40 mL per day for 9 weeks. The selected EVOOs, traced in the production chain, and characterized by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC-DAD-MS) analysis, resulted rich in MCPs and satisfied the EFSA’s claim for their content of hydroxytyrosol and derivatives. The results obtained by this in vivo study appear to highlight the potential beneficial role in CKD patients of these EVOOs and are promising for future studies.

Vegan Diet Health Benefits in Metabolic Syndrome

“…Moreover, it should be noted that the term “PBD” does not necessarily mean “healthy”, since there is evidence that certain non-animal-origin food such as refined cereals, snacks, pastries or sugary drinks are harmful to health [ 32 ]. PBD to be defined as “healthy” must promote the intake of whole grains, fruit, vegetables, legumes and non-hydrogenated vegetable oils, such as extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) [ 33 , 34 , 35 ]. Finally, the substitution of certain animal-origin food helps in reducing the intake of harmful components present in red and processed meats, such as excessive sodium, heme iron, nitrates and nitrites, which increase the risk of CVDs and MetS onset [ 33 ].…”

Uremic Sarcopenia and Its Possible Nutritional Approach

“…Major causes include metabolic acidosis, dialysis therapy, and typical low-grade chronic inflammatory status [ 40 , 41 ]. These elements together result in an increase in protein degradation and in a reduction in protein synthesis, producing a negative nitrogen balance ( Figure 2 ) [ 42 , 43 ].…”

Natural Bioactive Compounds Useful in Clinical Management of Metabolic Syndrome

“…A recent in vitro study by Vamanu et al [305], demonstrated that Curcuma longa extract, particularly rich in curcumin, changes the gut microflora composition of hypertensive patients through the increased release of SCFAs thus, in turn, enhances the Enterobacteriaceae and decreases Bacteroidetes-Prevotella-Porphyromonas genera. Several studies speculate that the modulation of metabolic pattern producing SCFAs may represent an innovative approach to counteract pathological conditions, such as MetS, chronic kidney disease, and AH, characterized by a low-grade inflammatory status [44,45,49,74,261,306]. In this perspective, the most SCFA studied is represented by butyric acid.…”

“…In recent years, EVOO has attracted particular scientific interest for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. EVOO has beneficial properties that counteract the onset and progression of CDNCDs [ 259 , 260 , 261 , 272 , 273 ]. These properties seem to be exerted by the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action of the polyphenols that it contains, in particular hydroxytyrosol and oleocanthal.…”