Potential Beneficial Effects of Vitamin D in Coronary Artery Disease

Legarth, Christian; Grimm, Daniela; Krüger, Marcus; Infanger, Manfred; Wehland, Markus

doi:10.3390/nu12010099

Cited by 47 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 95 publications

(102 reference statements)

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“…The authors concluded that it was not clear if vitamin D supplementation has any benefits on the objectives analyzed and that data from observational studies should not be used to support the use of the vitamin to prevent disease in healthy persons [ 142 ]. Neither have CV improvements emerged following supplementation with cholecalciferol in the results of a recent review [ 143 ] and meta-analysis including more than 83,000 individuals, in which no benefits of vitamin D were observed in terms of protection against CVD events [ 144 ].…”

Section: Vitamin D Improves Cv Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D and cardiovascular health

et al. 2021

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The principal source of vitamin D in humans is its biosynthesis in the skin through a chemical reaction dependent on sun exposure. In lesser amounts, the vitamin can be obtained from the diet, mostly from fatty fish, fish liver oil and mushrooms. Individuals with vitamin D deficiency, defined as a serum level of 25 hydroxyvitamin D < 20 ng/dl, should be supplemented. Vitamin D deficiency is a prevalent global problem caused mainly by low exposure to sunlight. The main role of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D is the maintenance of calcium and phosphorus homeostasis. However, vitamin D receptors are found in most human cells and tissues, indicating many extra-skeletal effects of the vitamin, particularly in the immune and cardiovascular (CV) systems. Vitamin D regulates blood pressure by acting on endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. Its deficiency has been associated with various CV risk factors and appears to be linked to a higher mortality and incidence of CV disease (CVD). Several mechanisms have been proposed relating vitamin D deficiency to CV risk factors such as renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation, abnormal nitric oxide regulation, oxidative stress or altered inflammatory pathways. However, in the latest randomized controlled trials no benefits of vitamin D supplementation for CVD have been confirmed. Although more work is needed to establish the protective role of vitamin D in this setting, according to current evidences vitamin D supplements should not be recommended for CVD prevention.

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Section: Vitamin D Improves Cv Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D and cardiovascular health

et al. 2021

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“…In the context of these findings, there is a need for randomized controlled trials documenting this process in the general population. Despite this early data, vascular inflammation has not yet been decisively associated with vitamin D deficiency or vitamin D supplementation [ 74 , 75 ].…”

Section: Vitamin D’s Action On Atherosclerosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D and Its Role in the Lipid Metabolism and the Development of Atherosclerosis

et al. 2021

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Vitamin D, a crucial hormone in the homeostasis and metabolism of calcium bone, has lately been found to produce effects on other physiological and pathological processes genomically and non-genomically, including the cardiovascular system. While lower baseline vitamin D levels have been correlated with atherogenic blood lipid profiles, 25(OH)D supplementation influences the levels of serum lipids in that it lowers the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-cholesterol and increases the levels of HDL-cholesterol, all of which are known risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Vitamin D is also involved in the development of atherosclerosis at the site of the blood vessels. Deficiency of this vitamin has been found to increase adhesion molecules or endothelial activation and, at the same time, supplementation is linked to the lowering presence of adhesion surrogates. Vitamin D can also influence the vascular tone by increasing endothelial nitric oxide production, as seen in supplementation studies. Deficiency can lead, at the same time, to oxidative stress and an increase in inflammation as well as the expression of particular immune cells that play a pivotal role in the development of atherosclerosis in the intima of the blood vessels, i.e., monocytes and macrophages. Vitamin D is also involved in atherogenesis through inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Furthermore, vitamin D deficiency is consistently associated with cardiovascular events, such as myocardial infarction, STEMI, NSTEMI, unstable angina, ischemic stroke, cardiovascular death, and increased mortality after acute stroke. Conversely, vitamin D supplementation does not seem to produce beneficial effects in cohorts with intermediate baseline vitamin D levels.

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“…The beneficial role of its supplementation after myocardial infarction has been showed in vitro studies [66][67][68]. However, most randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conducted in the adult population have shown no beneficial effects of vitamin D supplementation in preventing cardiovascular diseases or reducing cardiovascular risk [21,[69][70][71][72][73]. It is still not clear whether calcitriol or other potent vitamin D analogues might have major effects and whether specific subgroups of patients, such as type 2 diabetic subjects with CAD, might benefit most from vitamin D supplementation [69][70][71][72][73].…”

Section: The Impact Of Vitamin D Supplementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Risk: Which Implications in Children?

Savastio

Pozzi

Tagliaferri

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Vitamin D (25OHD) pleiotropic effects are widely recognized and studied. Recently, vitamin D cardiovascular effects are gaining interest, especially in children, although the studies present conflicting data. Some randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated that cardiovascular risk markers, such as lipid parameters, inflammation markers, blood pressure, and arterial stiffness, are unaffected by vitamin D supplementation. By contrast, other studies show that low vitamin D levels are associated with higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality, and support that increased risk of these diseases occurs primarily in people with vitamin D deficiency. An update on these points in pediatric patients is certainly of interest to focus on possible benefits of its supplementation.

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Potential Beneficial Effects of Vitamin D in Coronary Artery Disease

Cited by 47 publications

References 95 publications

Vitamin D and cardiovascular health

Vitamin D and cardiovascular health

Vitamin D and Its Role in the Lipid Metabolism and the Development of Atherosclerosis

Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Risk: Which Implications in Children?

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