Potential Beneficial Effects of Vitamin K in SARS-CoV-2 Induced Vascular Disease?

Kudelko, Mateusz; Yip, Tsz Fung; Law, Grace Chun Hei; Lee, Smy

doi:10.3390/immuno1010003

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 126 publications

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“…However, unlike drugs, the quality assurance of dietary supplements is not well-regulated, which can lead to risks associated with contamination, adulteration, fraudulent ingredients [6] and an incorrect, potentially toxic dosage [7,8]. Amongst vitamins and minerals, good mechanistic reasons for more research exist for zinc, selenium, copper and vitamin K 1 , chiefly due to the important roles of Ze, Se and Cu in immune and antiviral responses [4,9] while for vitamin K 1 the primary focus is its role in coagulation, which is crucial for pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Circulating Zinc, Selenium, Copper and Vitamin K1 on COVID-19 Outcomes: A Mendelian Randomization Study

Sobczyk

Gaunt

2022

Nutrients

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Background & Aims: Previous results from observational, interventional studies and in vitro experiments suggest that certain micronutrients possess anti-viral and immunomodulatory activities. In particular, it has been hypothesized that zinc, selenium, copper and vitamin K1 have strong potential for prophylaxis and treatment of COVID-19. We aimed to test whether genetically predicted Zn, Se, Cu or vitamin K1 levels have a causal effect on COVID-19 related outcomes, including risk of infection, hospitalization and critical illness. Methods: We employed a two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis. Our genetic variants derived from European-ancestry GWAS reflected circulating levels of Zn, Cu, Se in red blood cells as well as Se and vitamin K1 in serum/plasma. For the COVID-19 outcome GWAS, we used infection, hospitalization or critical illness. Our inverse-variance weighted (IVW) MR analysis was complemented by sensitivity analyses including a more liberal selection of variants at a genome-wide sub-significant threshold, MR-Egger and weighted median/mode tests. Results: Circulating micronutrient levels show limited evidence of association with COVID-19 infection, with the odds ratio [OR] ranging from 0.97 (95% CI: 0.87–1.08, p-value = 0.55) for zinc to 1.07 (95% CI: 1.00–1.14, p-value = 0.06)—i.e., no beneficial effect for copper was observed per 1 SD increase in exposure. Similarly minimal evidence was obtained for the hospitalization and critical illness outcomes with OR from 0.98 (95% CI: 0.87–1.09, p-value = 0.66) for vitamin K1 to 1.07 (95% CI: 0.88–1.29, p-value = 0.49) for copper, and from 0.93 (95% CI: 0.72–1.19, p-value = 0.55) for vitamin K1 to 1.21 (95% CI: 0.79–1.86, p-value = 0.39) for zinc, respectively. Conclusions: This study does not provide evidence that supplementation with zinc, selenium, copper or vitamin K1 can prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection, critical illness or hospitalization for COVID-19.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two vitamers of vitamin K exist: K 1 (phylloquinone) and K 2 (menaquinone) [10]. Vitamin K is necessary for activation of pro-and anti-clotting factors in the liver and peripheral tissues, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Circulating Zinc, Selenium, Copper and Vitamin K1 on COVID-19 Outcomes: A Mendelian Randomization Study

Sobczyk

Gaunt

2022

Nutrients

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“…A recent review has collected evidence exploring the potential beneficial role of VitK in the pathogenesis of COVID‐19 through proposed effects on coagulation and/or immuno‐regulation (Figure 8 ; Kudelko et al, 2021 ). By using a causal loop diagram, Goddek proposed a potential synergistic effect between VitK and vitamin D against COVID‐19, to prevent long‐term health risks (Goddek, 2020 ).…”

Section: Biological Response To Vitamin K2: Main Findings and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The biological responses of vitamin K2: A comprehensive review

Yan¹,

Zhang

O’Connor

et al. 2023

Food Science & Nutrition

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Vitamin K1 (VitK1) and Vitamin K2 (VitK2), two important naturally occurring micronutrients in the VitK family, found, respectively, in green leafy plants and algae (VitK1) and animal and fermented foods (VitK2). The present review explores the multiple biological functions of VitK2 from recently published in vitro and in vivo studies, including promotion of osteogenesis, prevention of calcification, relief of menopausal symptoms, enhancement of mitochondrial energy release, hepato‐ and neuro‐protective effects, and possible use in treatment of coronavirus disease. The mechanisms of action associated with these biological effects are also explored. Overall, the findings presented here suggest that VitK, especially VitK2, is an important nutrient family for the normal functioning of human health. It acts on almost all major body systems and directly or indirectly participates in and regulates hundreds of physiological or pathological processes. However, as biological and clinical data are still inconsistent and conflicting, more in‐depth investigations are warranted to elucidate its potential as a therapeutic strategy to prevent and treat a range of disease conditions.

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“…When vitamin K hepatic factor is deficient, coagulation factors take precedence over hepatocellular ones [116] . Vitamin K's various and unique roles in blood coagulation, elastin breakdown, immunomodulatory, and vascular patient treatment, along with its low human exposure, make it an appealing treatment to use prophylactically as a supplement or clinically to enhance COVID-19 clinical outcomes [117] . MGP, a vitamin K-dependent protein, inhibits soft tissue mineralization and elastic fiber breakdown.…”

Section: Vitaminsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives on nano-nutraceuticals to manage pre and post COVID-19 infections

Dubey

Chaudhry

Singh

et al. 2022

Biotechnology Reports

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Optimized therapeutic bio-compounds supported by bio-acceptable nanosystems (i.e., precise nanomedicine) have ability to promote health via maintaining body structure, organ function, and controlling chronic and acute effects. Therefore, nano-nutraceuticals (designed to neutralize virus, inhibit virus bindings with receptors, and support immunity) utilization can manage COVID-19 pre/post-infection effects. To explore these approaches well, our mini-review explores optimized bio-active compounds, their ability to influence SARS-CoV-2 infection, improvement in performance supported by precise nanomedicine approach, and challenges along with prospects. Such optimized pharmacologically relevant therapeutic cargo not only affect SARS-CoV-2 but will support other organs which show functional alternation due to SARS-CoV-2 for example, neurological functions. Hence, coupling the nutraceuticals with the nano-pharmacology perspective of higher efficacy via targeted delivery action can pave a novel way for health experts to plan future research needed to manage post COVID-19 infection effect where a longer efficacy with no side-effects is a key requirement.

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Potential Beneficial Effects of Vitamin K in SARS-CoV-2 Induced Vascular Disease?

Cited by 17 publications

References 126 publications

The Effect of Circulating Zinc, Selenium, Copper and Vitamin K1 on COVID-19 Outcomes: A Mendelian Randomization Study

The Effect of Circulating Zinc, Selenium, Copper and Vitamin K1 on COVID-19 Outcomes: A Mendelian Randomization Study

The biological responses of vitamin K2: A comprehensive review

Perspectives on nano-nutraceuticals to manage pre and post COVID-19 infections

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