Potential Benefits of Antioxidant Phytochemicals in Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract

The clinical relationship between diabetes and inflammation is well established. Evidence clearly indicates that disrupting oxidant-antioxidant equilibrium and elevated lipid peroxidation could be a potential mechanism for chronic kidney disease associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Under diabetic conditions, hyperglycemia, especially inflammation, and increased reactive oxygen species generation are bidirectionally associated. Inflammation, oxidative stress, and tissue damage are believed to play a role in the development of diabetes. Although the exact mechanism underlying oxidative stress and its impact on diabetes progression remains uncertain, the hyperglycemia-inflammation-oxidative stress interaction clearly plays a significant role in the onset and progression of vascular disease, kidney disease, hepatic injury, and pancreas damage and, therefore, holds promise as a therapeutic target. Evidence strongly indicates that the use of multiple antidiabetic medications fails to achieve the normal range for glycated hemoglobin targets, signifying treatment-resistant diabetes. Antioxidants with polyphenols are considered useful as adjuvant therapy for their potential anti-inflammatory effect and antioxidant activity. We aimed to analyze the current major points reported in preclinical, in vivo, and clinical studies of antioxidants in the prevention or treatment of inflammation in T2DM. Then, we will share our speculative vision for future diabetes clinical trials.

Utilizing machine learning algorithms to identify biomarkers associated with diabetic nephropathy: A review

“…Further research [21] using high-energy sequencing and preliminary in vitro experiments identified miR-149-5p and TNF-α as a differentially expressed mRNA/miRNA pair in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) with vascular injury. [22] This study showed that miR-149-5p directly targets TNF-α, and increasing miR-149-5p levels can alleviate high glucose-induced dysfunction in endothelial cells. [23] This improvement involved a decrease in ET-1, VWF, and ICAM-1 levels, increased NO production, and enhanced eNOS expression.…”

Harnessing the Power of Polyphenols: A New Frontier in Disease Prevention and Therapy

“…The inhibition of PAR-2 has been found to enhance autophagy while preventing inflammation and fibrosis [86]. Contrary to expectations, biochanin A mitigates diabetic nephropathy by downregulating the expression of the TGF-β1 and PAR-2 genes [65,81,82].…”

“…The inhibition of PAR-2 has been found to enhance autophagy while preventing inflammation and fibrosis [86]. Contrary to expectations, biochanin A mitigates diabetic nephropathy by downregulating the expression of the TGF-β1 and PAR-2 genes [65,81,82]. Among the numerous health benefits of isoflavones, biochanin A is widely recognized for its anti-inflammatory, antihyperlipidemic, antioxidant, and anticancer attributes by suppressing TGF-β1 and PAR-2 gene expression in kidney tissues of STZ-induced diabetic rats [80][81][82].…”

Evaluating the biological (antidiabetic) potential of TEM, FTIR, XRD, and UV‐spectra observed berberis lyceum conjugated silver nanoparticles

“…Moreover, excess production of ROS can cause diabetes mellitus. Diabetic treatment by hypoglycemic and insulin medications neglects to anticipate diabetes‐associated complexities in numerous patients (Arabshomali et al, 2023). Most importantly, one could guess that the way to prevent and treat diabetes and its difficulties is to locate a novel, proficient, and practical specialist with various bioactivities, including antihyperglycemia, antioxidants, and antihyperlipidemia.…”