Potential Biomarkers in Diabetic Retinopathy

Adki, Kaveri M.; Kulkarni, Yogesh A.

doi:10.2174/1573399816666200217092022

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…Some studies showed higher levels of plasma uric acid and ceruloplasmin in diabetic foot patients with retinopathy [35,36]. Ceruloplasmin was demonstrated to be an independent predictor for the progression of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes [37] and is a potential biomarker of diabetic retinopathy [38]. Finally, changes of the microcirculation in patients with diabetes may lead to diabetic foot complications [39] as well as to retinopathy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk assessment for foot ulcers among Tunisian subjects with diabetes: a cross sectional outpatient study

et al. 2020

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Background: Diabetic foot is an underestimated and redoubtable diabetes complication. The aims of our study were to assess diabetic foot ulcer risk factors according to International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGD F) classification, stratify patients into risk categories and identify factors associated with higher-risk grade. Methods: Cross-sectional setting over a period of 07 months, patients were randomly selected from the diabetic outpatients attending our unit of diabetology. Questionnaire and clinical examination were made by the same physician. Patients free of active foot ulcer were included. Results: Among 230 patients evaluated, 10 had an active foot ulcer and were excluded. Five patients (2.27%) had a history of foot ulcer and 3(1.36%) had a lower-limb amputation. Sensory neuropathy, as measured by the 5.07(10 g) Semmes-Weinstein monofilament testing, was present in 23.63% of patients, whereas 36.82% had a peripheral arterial disease based on clinical findings, and 43.63% had foot deformities. According to the IWGDF classification, Group 0: 72.72%, Group 1: 5.9%, Group 2: 17.73% and Group 3: 3.63%. After univariate analysis, patients in higherrisk groups were significantly more often female, had higher age and BMI, longer diabetes duration, elevated waist circumference, low school level, retinopathy and hyperkeratosis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified 3 significant independent factors associated with high-risk groups: retinopathy (OR = 2.529, CI95 [1.131-5.655], p = 0.024), hyperkeratosis (OR = 2.658, CI95 [1.222-5.783], p = 0.014) and school level (OR = 0.489, CI95 [0.253-9.44], p = 0.033). Conclusions: Risk factors for foot ulceration were rather common in outpatients with diabetes. The screening of patients at risk for foot ulceration should start early, integrated with sustainable patient education.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk assessment for foot ulcers among Tunisian subjects with diabetes: a cross sectional outpatient study

et al. 2020

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“…7 8 The most studied biomarker in blood serum is the glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). This is the only clinical biomarker that has been validated for incidence and progression of DM2 and DR. 8 Many studies have been conducted on VEGF regarding its role in the pathogenesis of DR. Although anti-VEGF therapy has been used as treatment in the clinical setting for many years, 9 the pathophysiology of DR is more complex, and certainly, other potential inflammatory components play important roles as well.…”

Section: Significance Of This Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pro-inflammatory cytokine profile is present in the serum of Mexican patients with different stages of diabetic retinopathy secondary to type 2 diabetes

et al. 2021

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AimIt’s been reported that pro-inflammatory cytokines are elevated in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR); this may contribute to the pathophysiology of the disease. The aim of this study is to measure the concentration of various inflammatory cytokines from the main CD4+ T helper inflammatory responses in blood serum from Mexican patients with DR in different stages using cytometric bead array (CBA) technology and correlate them with the presence and severity of DR in order to find possible DR biomarkers that serve as diagnostic or therapeutic predictors.Methods64 subjects were included in the study, 16 in the control group, 16 in the type 2 diabetes mellitus no DR (NDR) group, 16 in the non-proliferative DR (NPDR) group and 16 in the proliferative DR (PDR) group. Cytokine concentrations of interleukin (IL) 1ß, IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, IL‐12, IL‐17A, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interferon-gamma in serum samples were measured using Human Inflammatory and TH1/TH2/TH17 CBA Kit.ResultsIL-6, IL-12, IL-17a and TNFα were significantly higher in the patients with DR compared with the control group. The PDR group showed a slightly lower concentration of serum cytokines IL-6, IL-12 and IL-17a. TNFα showed a higher concentration compared with healthy controls, NDR and NPDR subjects. We also found a positive statistical correlation between the presence and severity of DR with the clinical parameters haemoglobin A1c, body mass index and serum creatinine and the concentration of serum cytokines IL-6 and TNFα.ConclusionOur findings suggest that patients with diabetes and DR have a stronger chronic inflammatory profile compared with non-diabetic subjects.

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“…There are five types of cells in the retina: photoreceptors, bipolar cells, ganglion cells, horizontal cells, and amacrine cells [ 62 ]. Retinal diseases can result in blurred vision and blindness [ 63 ]. The development of a treatment modality for retinal disease is important for preserving vision and protecting against blindness.…”

Section: Choline In the Retinamentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Choline in Ocular Diseases

Hwang

Shin

2021

IJMS

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Choline is essential for maintaining the structure and function of cells in humans. Choline plays an important role in eye health and disease. It is a precursor of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system, and it is involved in the production and secretion of tears by the lacrimal glands. It also contributes to the stability of the cells and tears on the ocular surface and is involved in retinal development and differentiation. Choline deficiency is associated with retinal hemorrhage, glaucoma, and dry eye syndrome. Choline supplementation may be effective for treating these diseases.

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Potential Biomarkers in Diabetic Retinopathy

Cited by 23 publications

References 113 publications

Risk assessment for foot ulcers among Tunisian subjects with diabetes: a cross sectional outpatient study

Risk assessment for foot ulcers among Tunisian subjects with diabetes: a cross sectional outpatient study

Pro-inflammatory cytokine profile is present in the serum of Mexican patients with different stages of diabetic retinopathy secondary to type 2 diabetes

Role of Choline in Ocular Diseases

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