Potential biomarkers of tissue hypoxia during acute hemodilutional anemia in cardiac surgery: A prospective study to assess tissue hypoxia as a mechanism of organ injury

Abstract

www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01883713). Registered 21 June 2013.

Stimulation of erythropoietin release by hypoxia and hypoxemia: similar but different

“…hypoxia). 1 Blood Epo concentration is also increased in human subjects 2 and experimental animals 3 subjected to acute or chronic anemia (a.k.a. normoxic hypoxemia).…”

“…T cells have been implicated in this process, and a reduction of T regulatory cells has been shown. 2 The role of B cells, in particular memory B cells, is suggested by the effectiveness of their depletion by anti-CD20 therapy in preventing relapses. 2 Most patients with INS have a relapsing course that resolves during childhood years in 70% to 80% of cases.…”

“…2 The role of B cells, in particular memory B cells, is suggested by the effectiveness of their depletion by anti-CD20 therapy in preventing relapses. 2 Most patients with INS have a relapsing course that resolves during childhood years in 70% to 80% of cases. The frequency of relapses permits the classification of INS in subtypes reflecting disease severity.…”

Guidelines for enhanced recovery after cardiac surgery. Consensus document of Spanish Societies of Anesthesia (SEDAR), Cardiovascular Surgery (SECCE) and Perfusionists (AEP)

“…La evidencia actual indica que su aplicación supone una reducción en el sangrado y las transfusiones en el perioperatorio temprano. A pesar de ello, han de ser consideradas previamente las características del paciente en cuanto a volemia circulante y hematocrito de manera previa a su indicación, a fin de evitar efectos derivados de una hemodilución severa a nivel microcirculatorio como la disfunción renal, ya que podría resultar contraproducente 259,261 . Del mismo modo, algunos autores refieren alteraciones potenciales en la hemostasia primaria afectando la función plaquetaria, derivadas del almacenamiento sanguíneo, que aún han de ser clarificadas 260,262 . 89.…”

Cellular oxygen sensing and the anesthesiologist: the Nobel-worthy discovery of hypoxia inducible factor and its implications in clinical practice

“…Thirdly, clinical research has assessed whether measuring levels of hypoxic serum biomarkers, such as EPO, in the blood can predict the risk of tissue hypoxia and organ injury (e.g., the kidney). 25 This approach may help to identify anemic patients at risk of acute organ injury and direct effective treatments, including treatment of preoperative anemia and targeted blood transfusion, in patients at risk who experience acute surgical blood loss.…”