Potential Bronchoconstrictor Stimuli in Acid Fog

Balmes, John R.; Fine, Jonathan; Gordon, Terry; Sheppard, Dean

doi:10.2307/3430544

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In a series of papers from the Cardiovascular Research Institute, Balmes et al (13) and Fine et al (14) have examined the hypothesis that H+ availability is the primary stimulus for the increase in airway resistance observed with acid aerosol inhalation in asthmatics. At this symposium, Balmes summarized evidence that supports the titratable acidity hypothesis previously described (14).…”

Section: Response Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Health Effects of Exposure to Airborne Acid

Folinsbee¹

1989

Environmental Health Perspectives

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) andBrogan & Partners are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Environmental Health Perspectives. This paper summarizes and critiques a series of reports on the health effects of acid aerosol exposure, presented at the Symposium on the Health Effects of Acid Aerosols and compares these data to selected previous studies. The role of the two major defenses against acid aerosols, the conversion of acid to the ammonium salts by respiratory ammonia and buffering of acid by airway surface 1iquid are discussed in relation to airway acid burdens expected from typical inhalation exposures. The roles of particle size and hygroscopicity on airway deposition of aerosol are also included. The major health effects studied were the effects of acid aerosol on mucociliary clearance in healthy individuals and changes in lung function in asthmatics, an important sensitive subpopulation. The broad range of response in asthmatics suggests the need for further study.

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Section: Response Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Health Effects of Exposure to Airborne Acid

Folinsbee¹

1989

Environmental Health Perspectives

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“…Insofar as acid fogs are hypoosmotic (10), this mechanism may operate for a wide range of acid aerosols. He showed that at low (and high) pH, mucus, and especially the glycoproteins in mucus, lose their buffering capacity, and the mucus increases in ViSCositly.…”

Section: Basic Mechanisms Of Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review, Discussion, and Summary: Toxicology

Graham¹

1989

Environmental Health Perspectives

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The research presented in the toxicology session of the Symposium on the Health Effects of Acid Aerosols significantly advances our understanding of the health effects of acid aerosols and clearly illustrates the importance of animal inhalation toxicology to risk assessment. The description of the effects of acid on airway mucus buffering capacity and viscosity helps explain some of the mechanisms responsible for the effects of sulfuric acid on mucociliary clearance and pulmonary function observed in man and animals. Several of the papers illustrate that other pollutants interact with sulfuric acid (H2SO4), causing concern about exposure risks and helping in elucidating the effects observed in epidemiology studies that have not yet been duplicated in a laboratory. For example , H2SO4 absorbed on zinc oxide (ZnO) particles appears to be about a log more potent than H2SO4 alone in causing pulmonary function decrements. Low levels of H2SO4 and 03 were found to be synergistic in increasing collagen synthesis, implying a risk in development of lung fibrosis. More complex mixtures containing H2SO4 cause a variety of interactions, depending upon the end points examined and the chemistry of the mixture. Other reports indicate that dose rate and length of exposure issues are critical to toxicological outcomes. Animal data on mucociliary clearance, which parallels that of human data, was extended to show that concentration of exposure was more important than time of exposure in eliciting a response, although time played a significant role. A recent chronic study showed that H2SO4 caused effects that also can occur in the development of chronic bronchitis. Although the causal relationship between H2SO4 and chronic bronchitis remains to be proven, this chronic animal study, interpreted in context with shorter term human and animal studies of H2SO4 and with findings in the effects of cigarette smoke, raises concern. It is noteworthy that even after the H2SO4 chronic exposure ceased, there were some progressive changes, implying irreversible effects.

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Potential Bronchoconstrictor Stimuli in Acid Fog

Cited by 2 publications

References 10 publications

Human Health Effects of Exposure to Airborne Acid

Human Health Effects of Exposure to Airborne Acid

Review, Discussion, and Summary: Toxicology

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