Potential Chemopreventive Role of Pterostilbene in Its Modulation of the Apoptosis Pathway

Abstract

Cancer incidence keeps increasing every year around the world and is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Cancer has imposed a major burden on the human population, including the deterioration of physical and mental health as well as economic or financial loss among cancer patients. Conventional cancer treatments including chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy have improved the mortality rate. However, conventional treatments have many challenges; for example, drug resistance, side effects, and cancer recurrence. Chemoprevention is one of the promising interventions to reduce the burden of cancer together with cancer treatments and early detection. Pterostilbene is a natural chemopreventive compound with various pharmacological properties such as anti-oxidant, anti-proliferative, and anti-inflammatory properties. Moreover, pterostilbene, due to its potential chemopreventive effect on inducing apoptosis in eliminating the mutated cells or preventing the progression of premalignant cells to cancerous cells, should be explored as a chemopreventive agent. Hence, in the review, we discuss the role of pterostilbene as a chemopreventive agent against various types of cancer via its modulation of the apoptosis pathway at the molecular levels.

Pterostilbene Protects against Osteoarthritis through NLRP3 Inflammasome Inactivation and Improves Gut Microbiota as Evidenced by In Vivo and In Vitro Studies

“…As a result, ASC and degraded caspase-1 protein expressions were decreased, therefore attenuating the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome . PT is well established as a safe substance by previous studies. ,,,,− In human adults, PT can be safely consumed up to 250 mg per day without damaging any vital organs, such as the liver and kidney. , In our previous publication, we used up to 250 mg PT/kg BW to reduce lung tumor multiplicity in mice by 49% without any organ damage or deaths . Consistent with our study, 200 mg PT/kg BW was safely used as an anticancer agent, as observed in the suppressed tumor growth in a hepatocellular carcinoma mouse model .…”

“…12,18,24,44,48−50 In human adults, PT can be safely consumed up to 250 mg per day without damaging any vital organs, such as the liver and kidney. 48,49 In our previous publication, we used up to 250 mg PT/kg BW to reduce lung tumor multiplicity in mice by 49% without any organ damage or deaths. 51 Consistent with our study, 200 mg PT/kg BW was safely used as an anticancer agent, as observed in the suppressed tumor growth in a hepatocellular carcinoma mouse model.…”

Influence of Pterostilbene on Gene Expression in Liver Cancer: An In Silico Analysis

“…Innovative treatments for HCC have been found as a result of the precise targeting of vital pathways, which include the receptor tyrosine kinase pathways, the Ras mitogen-activated protein kinase (Ras/Raf/MAPK), the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/ protein kinase B Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), the Wingless/Integrated (Wnt)/β-catenin signaling pathway, the ubiquitin/proteasome degradation pathway, and the hedgehog signaling pathway [ 5 , 6 ].…”