Potential crosstalk of oxidative stress and immune response in poultry through phytochemicals — A review

Lee, M. T.; Lin, Wei; Lee, T. T.

doi:10.5713/ajas.18.0538

Cited by 51 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…For broilers, inflammation is a double-edged sword depending of its level [11]. Lee et al [30] indicated that LPS challenge on broilers (1 mg/kg body weight) causes significant weight loss because of the immune response and decrease in feed intake. In broilers, there are two ways to decrease the inflammation level: one is to decrease the stimulants, such as LPS or bacterial toxin, and the other way is to block the pro-inflammatory cytokine pathway.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Combined Use of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae and Aspergillus Oryzae with Phytase Fermentation Products on Growth, Inflammatory, and Intestinal Morphology in Broilers

Chuang

Lin

Hsieh

et al. 2019

Animals

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Simple Summary: The stress and anti-nutrient effect caused by environmental problems and animal feed is an urgent problem in poultry production. As ancient probiotics, Aspergillus oryzae and Saccharomyces cerevisiae can effectively improve the immunity of animals. Furthermore, the anti-nutrient object, phytate, reduces nutrition absorption. Therefore, S. cerevisiae or A. oryzae with phytase co-fermentation may help solve these problems. Results show that the addition of a fermentation product can effectively reduce the inflammatory response and drop the number of harmful bacteria in the ileum of broilers. Among them, A. oryzae fermentation product has a better effect than S. cerevisiae fermentation product.Abstract: Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus oryzae are both ancient probiotic species traditionally used as microbes for brewing beer and soy sauce, respectively. This study investigated the effect of adding these two probiotics with phytase fermentation products to the broilers diet. Fermented products possess protease and cellulase, and the activities were 777.1 and 189.5 U/g dry matter (DM) on S. cerevisiae fermented products (SCFP) and 190 and 213.4 U/g DM on A. oryzae fermented products (AOFP), respectively. Liposaccharides stimulated PBMCs to produce nitric oxide to 120 µmol. Both SCFP and AOFP reduced lipopolysaccharides stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) nitric oxide release to 40 and 60 µmol, respectively. Nevertheless, in an MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, SCFP and AOFP also increased the survival rate of lipopolysaccharides stimulated PBMCs by almost two-fold compared to the negative control. A total of 240 broilers were divided into four groups as Control, SCFP 0.1% (SCFP), SCFP 0.05% + AOFP 0.05% (SAFP), and AOFP 0.1% (AOFP) groups, respectively. Each group had 20 broilers, and three replicate pens. The results showed that the addition of SCFP, SAFP, and AOFP groups did not affect the growth performances, but increased the jejunum value of villus height and villus: crypt ratio on SAFP and AOFP groups compared to the control and SCFP groups. Furthermore, adding SCFP, SAFP, and AOFP significantly reduced the number of Clostridium perfringens in ileum chyme. SCFP, SAFP, and AOFP significantly reduced the amount of interleukin-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthases, interferon-γ, and nuclear factor kappa B mRNA expression in PBMCs, especially in the AOFP group. In summary, all the SCFP, SAFP, and AOFP groups can be suggested as a functional feed additive since they enhanced villus: crypt ratio and decreased inflammation-related mRNA expression, especially for AOFP group in broilers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Combined Use of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae and Aspergillus Oryzae with Phytase Fermentation Products on Growth, Inflammatory, and Intestinal Morphology in Broilers

Chuang

Lin

Hsieh

et al. 2019

Animals

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“…Recent data indicate that Nrf2 activation is one of the most important mechanisms of phytochemical protective effects in poultry and farm animals [91,286,287]. Dietary inclusion of Antrodia cinnamomea (a medical fungus) powder into the broiler diet at 0.1-0.4% for 35 days was shown to increase Nrf2 expression in the liver [288].…”

Section: Phytochemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant Defence Systems and Oxidative Stress in Poultry Biology: An Update

et al. 2019

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Poultry in commercial settings are exposed to a range of stressors. A growing body of information clearly indicates that excess ROS/RNS production and oxidative stress are major detrimental consequences of the most common commercial stressors in poultry production. During evolution, antioxidant defence systems were developed in poultry to survive in an oxygenated atmosphere. They include a complex network of internally synthesised (e.g., antioxidant enzymes, (glutathione) GSH, (coenzyme Q) CoQ) and externally supplied (vitamin E, carotenoids, etc.) antioxidants. In fact, all antioxidants in the body work cooperatively as a team to maintain optimal redox balance in the cell/body. This balance is a key element in providing the necessary conditions for cell signalling, a vital process for regulation of the expression of various genes, stress adaptation and homeostasis maintenance in the body. Since ROS/RNS are considered to be important signalling molecules, their concentration is strictly regulated by the antioxidant defence network in conjunction with various transcription factors and vitagenes. In fact, activation of vitagenes via such transcription factors as Nrf2 leads to an additional synthesis of an array of protective molecules which can deal with increased ROS/RNS production. Therefore, it is a challenging task to develop a system of optimal antioxidant supplementation to help growing/productive birds maintain effective antioxidant defences and redox balance in the body. On the one hand, antioxidants, such as vitamin E, or minerals (e.g., Se, Mn, Cu and Zn) are a compulsory part of the commercial pre-mixes for poultry, and, in most cases, are adequate to meet the physiological requirements in these elements. On the other hand, due to the aforementioned commercially relevant stressors, there is a need for additional support for the antioxidant system in poultry. This new direction in improving antioxidant defences for poultry in stress conditions is related to an opportunity to activate a range of vitagenes (via Nrf2-related mechanisms: superoxide dismutase, SOD; heme oxygenase-1, HO-1; GSH and thioredoxin, or other mechanisms: Heat shock protein (HSP)/heat shock factor (HSP), sirtuins, etc.) to maximise internal AO protection and redox balance maintenance. Therefore, the development of vitagene-regulating nutritional supplements is on the agenda of many commercial companies worldwide.

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“…The immunostimulating activities of many of these components have been most widely studied in chicken and human cell lines. 18 Embryonated eggs inoculated with a mixture of NDV or AIV H5N1 with each sample separately affect the virus titer (Tables 3 and 4 37 The macerated whole plant of E. unispina N.E.Br. and the stems of E. poissonii Pax.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Utilization of immunostimulants is one solution to improve the immunity of animals and to decrease their susceptibility to infectious diseases. 18 The use of plant products as immunostimulants has a traditional history. Emerging evidence indicates that herbal remedies and/or natural products exert their beneficial effects on animal immune system mostly by plant secondary metabolites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Immune Boosting Properties and Combating of Multiple Respiratory Viral Infections by fifteen Euphorbiaceae Plant Extracts

Abd‐Alla¹,

Sweelam²,

El‐Kashak³

et al. 2019

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Objective: Fifteen Euphorbiaceae plant extracts were evaluated for their antiviral and immune boosting properties. Methods: The maximum non-toxic concentration of each extract in specific pathogen-free embryonated chicken eggs was estimated and their antiviral efficacy was determined in terms of reduction in viral titers, measured by the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay. The antiviral efficacy was compared with ribavirin. The active extract was further subjected to estimation of total polyphenolic and flavonoid contents. Also, GC/ MS analysis was used to analyze its unsaponifiable and saponifiable matters. Results: The cytotoxic concentration fifty (CC 50 ) of Breynia distacha recorded the value of >200 and >300 for Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and avian influenza virus (AIV) H5N1, respectively. This extract showed antiviral inhibition concentration (IC 50 ) values of ≤ 2 and ≤ 3, respectively and antiviral therapeutic index of 100% compared with ribavirin as standard. The serum of the vaccinated chicks treated with B. distacha has recorded the highest HI titers (7.1 and 8.3 log2) at the day of 28 post vaccination with high protection percentage (100 and 90%) post NDV and AIV H5N1 challenge, respectively. Also, a high HI titer (6.9 log2) was recorded in serum of the vaccinated chicks treated with Aleurites moluccana, Jatropha curcas, Ricinus communis, Putranjiva roxburghii with protection percentage of 95-100% post-NDV challenge. GC/MS analysis allowed identification of 91.10% of the total unsaponifiable matter, (1-heptatriacotanol represented the major component, 24.61%) and 82.51% of the fatty acid methyl esters content (methyl palmitate represented the major component, 26.13 %). Conclusion: This study highlighted the potential of many Euphorbiaceae plants especially B. distacha, to be new candidate of plant-based prototypes that carry antiviral and immunogenic features against respiratory viral infections.has the potential of being more successful in its steps than screening of pure compounds isolated from the products. 8 The spurge family, Euphorbiaceae occupied a special place in the realm of plant families and is scientifically reported for its antiviral, antimicrobial, anticancer, cytotoxic, and antitumor activities. 9 In this respect, the present work aims to search for the use of plants of the Euphorbiaceae family to combat emerging infectious poultry diseases. Fifteen species belong to this family, are widely distributed and easily available throughout various geographical locations in Egypt, 10 were selected and subjected to evaluate their potential anti-viral activities against respiratory tract infection pathogens in specific pathogen-free (SPF) chicken embryos and evaluation of immune boosting properties of these substances in SPF chicks. These plant species are well known to have their traditional claims for cure and/or reduce symptoms of various disorders including infectious diseases of animal and human among folk cultures.

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Potential crosstalk of oxidative stress and immune response in poultry through phytochemicals — A review

Cited by 51 publications

References 93 publications

Evaluation of the Combined Use of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae and Aspergillus Oryzae with Phytase Fermentation Products on Growth, Inflammatory, and Intestinal Morphology in Broilers

Evaluation of the Combined Use of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae and Aspergillus Oryzae with Phytase Fermentation Products on Growth, Inflammatory, and Intestinal Morphology in Broilers

Antioxidant Defence Systems and Oxidative Stress in Poultry Biology: An Update

Evaluation of Immune Boosting Properties and Combating of Multiple Respiratory Viral Infections by fifteen Euphorbiaceae Plant Extracts

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