Potential dermal pesticide exposure affected by greenhouse spray application technique

Nuyttens, David; Braekman, Pascal; Windey, S.; Sonck, Bart

doi:10.1002/ps.1755

Cited by 99 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…The same result was obtained in both growth stages: at senescence, PDE was 1099 mL (1.10 ) walking forwards and 153 mL (0.15 ) walking backwards (ratio 7.2), whereas the corresponding values at flowering were 337 (0.34 ) and 114 mL (0.11 ), respectively, (ratio 3.0). Similar results were obtained by Nuyttens et al [50] when testing several spray application techniques in pepper greenhouses: dermal operator exposure using a standard spray gun was reduced by a factor 7 when walking backwards. Similarly, Bjugstad and Torgrimsen [34] found that walking forwards using a knapsack sprayer on cucumber plants 2.0-2.2 m high gave a dermal exposure almost four times greater than that when working backwards.…”

Section: Tests On Tomato Plants: Effects Of Walking Direction and Plasupporting

confidence: 76%

Operator Dermal Exposure to Pesticides in Tomato and Strawberry Greenhouses from Hand-Held Sprayers

et al. 2018

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Protection of greenhouse crops in southern Italy usually requires 15-20 phytosanitary treatments per year, with volume rates in the range of 1000-2000 L ha −1 , depending on the plant growth stage. The most widespread sprayers are hand-held, high-pressure devices, which may expose operators to high levels of pesticides. This paper, also with the aim to lead toward a more sustainable use of greenhouses in agricultural productions, including some aspects of workers' safety, reports the results of experimental tests aimed at measuring the amount of the mixture deposited on the worker's body (potential dermal exposure, PDE) during pesticide applications to tomato and strawberry plants in a protected environment. Experimental tests on tomatoes were carried out taking into account two plant growth stages (flowering and senescence), two types of spray lance, two working pressures (1 and 2 MPa), and two walking directions (forwards and backwards). Those on the strawberries were carried out at the maturity of the fruit growth stage, comparing two hand-held sprayers (a standard spray gun and a short hand-held spray boom equipped with two nozzles) and working according to the common practice: forwards movement of the operator and high pressure (2 MPa). The results showed that with the tomato plants, the most important factor in reducing the deposit on the operator was the walking direction: on average, the PDE was 718 mL per 1000 L of the sprayed mixture (0.72 ) while walking forwards and 133 mL (0.13 ) while walking backwards. The reduction factor ranged from 3.0 at the flowering growth stage to 7.2 at the senescence growth stage. With respect to the strawberry plants, the PDE was significantly higher when the operator used the short hand-held spray boom (887 mL per 1000 L of the sprayed mixture, equivalent to 0.89 ), rather than the spray gun (344 mL, 0.34 ). In both cases, the most exposed body parts were the lower limbs, which accounted for 89-94% of the total PDE.

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Section: Tests On Tomato Plants: Effects Of Walking Direction and Plasupporting

confidence: 76%

Operator Dermal Exposure to Pesticides in Tomato and Strawberry Greenhouses from Hand-Held Sprayers

et al. 2018

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“…As detailed in the following subsection a low-pass filter attenuates this effect. et al, 2011), and health hazard for humans and the environment (Martinez et al, 2002;García & Gadea, 2004;Nuyttens et al, 2009). As an alternative to the spray guns, vehicles equipped with spraying systems with vertical spray booms that move through the crop rows give better spray distribution over the plant canopy and reduce the human risks.…”

Section: Spraying Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As an alternative to the spray guns, vehicles equipped with spraying systems with vertical spray booms that move through the crop rows give better spray distribution over the plant canopy and reduce the human risks. Nuyttens et al (2009) notes that for a constant spay volume a human-driven vehicle reduces 60-fold the potential dermal exposure in comparison to a standard spray gun. Furthermore, the potential dermal exposure varied from 19.7 mL h -1 for a vehicle to 460 mL h -1 for a spray lance.…”

Section: Spraying Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and implementation of an automatic pressure-control system for a mobile sprayer for greenhouse applications

González

Pawłowski

Rodríguez

et al. 2012

Span. j. agric. res.

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This article presents the design and development of an embedded automatic pressure-control system for a mobile sprayer working in greenhouses. The pressure system is mounted on a commercial vehicle, it is composed of two on/off electrovalves and one proportional electrovalve. The hardware developed is based on an embedded microprocessor and provides a low-cost and robust solution. The resulting embedded system has been tested on a spraying system mounted on a manned vehicle. Furthermore, an easy-tuning non-linear PI (Proportional Integral) controller to achieve the desired pressure profile is designed and implemented in the embedded system. Many physical experiments show the best performance of such controller compared with a typical PI controller. Experiments covering the pressure range from 2 to 14 bar obtained a mean error less than 0.3 bar. Summing up, a low-cost automatic pressure-control system is developed, it ensures a uniform decomposition of the liquid sprayed on plants, and it works properly over a wide variable-pressure range.Additional key words: low-cost embedded hardware; non-linear PI controller; real-time operation; variable-pressure control. ResumenDiseño e implementación de un sistema de control automático para un pulverizador móvil para aplicaciones en invernaderos Este artículo presenta el diseño e implementación de un sistema de control de presión empotrado para un pulverizador móvil aplicado en invernaderos. El sistema de presión se ha montado en un vehículo comercial, está compuesto por dos electroválvulas todo/nada y una electroválvula proporcional. El hardware desarrollado se basa en un microprocesador empotrado y constituye una solución robusta y de bajo coste. El sistema empotrado desarrollado se ha probado en un sistema de pulverización montado en un vehículo guiado de forma manual. Además, se ha diseñado un algoritmo de control PI (Proporcional Integral) no lineal de fácil sintonía que permite asegurar el seguimiento del perfil de presión deseado y que ha sido implementado en el sistema empotrado propuesto. Numerosas pruebas reales han demostrado el mejor rendimiento de dicho controlador en comparación a un controlador de tipo PI. Experimentos realizados sobre un rango de presión de 2 a 14 bar demuestran un error medio menor a 0.3 bar. En definitiva se muestra un sistema de control de presión automático de bajo coste, que asegura una decomposición uniforme del líquido pulverizado, y funciona de forma correcta sobre un amplio rango de presión variable.Palabras clave adicionales: control de presión variable; controlador PI no lineal; hardware empotrado de bajo coste; operación en tiempo real.

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“… The spray quality generated by agricultural nozzles plays an important role in the application of plant protection products. The ideal nozzle-pressure combination should maximize spray efficiency by increasing deposition and transfer of a lethal dose to the target (Smith et al, 2000) while minimizing residues (Derksen et al, 2008) and off-target losses such as spray drift (Nuyttens et al, 2007a) and user exposure (Nuyttens et al, 2009a). The most important spray characteristics influencing the efficiency of the pesticide application process are the droplet sizes, the droplet velocities and directions, the volume distribution pattern, the spray sheet structure and length, the structure of individual droplets and the 3D spray dimensions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of high speed imaging systems for applications in Precision Agriculture

Hijazi¹,

Decourselle

Minov³

et al. 2012

New Technologies - Trends, Innovations and Research

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Potential dermal pesticide exposure affected by greenhouse spray application technique

Cited by 99 publications

References 59 publications

Operator Dermal Exposure to Pesticides in Tomato and Strawberry Greenhouses from Hand-Held Sprayers

Operator Dermal Exposure to Pesticides in Tomato and Strawberry Greenhouses from Hand-Held Sprayers

Design and implementation of an automatic pressure-control system for a mobile sprayer for greenhouse applications

The use of high speed imaging systems for applications in Precision Agriculture

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