Potential diagnostic aids for abnormal fatty acid metabolism in a range of neurodevelopmental disorders

Ward, P.E.

doi:10.1054/plef.2000.0193

Cited by 31 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…We assume that duration of use (month to years before psychosis), regularity (daily use), and dose (X0.5 g/day) may have an impact on findings. Results in nonconsuming patients and controls corroborate the often replicated finding of attenuated niacin flushing occurring in schizophrenia (Smesny, 2004b;Ward, 2000). But, our study could not reveal decreased skin response in cannabis-consuming patients as compared to nonconsuming patients.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Evidence of disturbed lipid metabolism in schizophrenia is based on a variety of findings, including altered cerebral phospholipids (Fukuzako, 2001;Keshavan et al, 2000;Stanley et al, 2000), upregulation of phospholipase A 2 (PLA 2 ) activity (Gattaz et al, 1987(Gattaz et al, , 1990(Gattaz et al, , 1995Ross et al, 1997;Smesny et al, 2005a), diminished arachidonic acid levels (Berger et al, 2002Fenton et al, 2000;Reddy et al, 2004;Reddy and Yao, 2003), and impaired function of bioactive lipids (eg prostaglandins) (Smesny, 2004b;Ward, 2000). Dysfunction of prostaglandin-mediated processesFmeasured as attenuation of niacin skin flushingFwas associated with cerebral lipid metabolites (Puri et al, 2006), increased PLA 2 activity (Tavares et al, 2003), and decreased arachidonic acid levels (Glen et al, 1996;Messamore, 2003) and was also reported in nonaffected parents of schizophrenia patients (Waldo, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dysfunction of prostaglandin-mediated processesFmeasured as attenuation of niacin skin flushingFwas associated with cerebral lipid metabolites (Puri et al, 2006), increased PLA 2 activity (Tavares et al, 2003), and decreased arachidonic acid levels (Glen et al, 1996;Messamore, 2003) and was also reported in nonaffected parents of schizophrenia patients (Waldo, 1999). Therefore, and owing to its easy bedside applicability, the niacin patch test was introduced as clinical test of a schizophrenia endophenotype characterized by abnormal lipid biochemistry, and as clinical test to assess the respective genetical vulnerability in risk populations (Ward, 2000;Gottesman and Gould, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cannabinoids Influence Lipid–Arachidonic Acid Pathways in Schizophrenia

Smesny

Rosburg

Baur

et al. 2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Increasing evidence suggests modulating effects of cannabinoids on time of onset, severity, and outcome of schizophrenia. Efforts to discover the underlying pathomechanism have led to the assumption of gene Â environment interactions, including premorbid genetical vulnerability and worsening effects of continuing cannabis use. The objective of this cross-sectional study is to investigate the relationship between delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol intake and niacin sensitivity in schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. Intensity of niacin skin flushing, indicating disturbed prostaglandin-mediated processes, was used as peripheral marker of lipid-arachidonic acid pathways and investigated in cannabis-consuming and nonconsuming schizophrenia patients and in healthy controls. Methylnicotinate was applied in three concentrations onto the forearm skin. Flush response was assessed in 3-min intervals over 15 min using optical reflection spectroscopy. In controls, skin flushing was significantly decreased in cannabis-consuming as compared to nonconsuming individuals. When comparing the nonconsuming subgroups, patients showed significantly decreased flush response. The populations as a whole (patients and controls) showed an inverse association between skin flushing and sum scores of Symptom Check List 90-R. Results demonstrate an impact of long-term cannabis use on lipid-arachidonic acid pathways. Considering pre-existing vulnerability of lipid metabolism in schizophrenia, observed effects of cannabis use support the notion of a gene Â environment interaction.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cannabinoids Influence Lipid–Arachidonic Acid Pathways in Schizophrenia

Smesny

Rosburg

Baur

et al. 2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

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“…Existe cada vez una mayor evidencia sobre la influencia de la dieta durante el embarazo y los primeros meses de vida en el desarrollo fetal e infantil y la salud posterior del niño. Nutrientes como los ácidos grasos esenciales, los folatos y las sustancias antioxidantes se han implicado en el crecimiento intrauterino 19 , el desarrollo del síndrome clí-nico de la preeclampsia 20 y en patologías infantiles como el asma 21,22 y trastornos menores del desarrollo neuroconductual 23 . Hay estudios que relacionan la ingesta de pescado (rico en el ácido graso esencial omega 3) durante el embarazo y el desarrollo neuroconductual posterior 24,25 .…”

Section: Estado Actual Del Temaunclassified

La red de investigación "infancia y medio ambiente"(Red INMA): Protocolo de estudio

Ramón¹,

Ballester²,

Rebagliato³

et al. 2005

Rev. Esp. Salud Publica

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RESUMENCada vez existe mayor evidencia de la influencia de la dieta y de la exposición a dosis bajas de tóxicos durante la etapa prenatal y primera infancia sobre la salud y el bienestar en etapas posteriores de la vida. Siguiendo las recomendaciones de la OMS y de la Unión Europea en el año 2003 se constituyó la Red de Investigación Cooperativa Infancia y Medio Ambiente para estudiar los efectos del medio ambiente y la dieta en el desarrollo fetal e infantil en diversas zonas geográficas en España. La Red integra diversos grupos multidisciplinares de investigación y está constituida por seis cohortes, tres preexistentes y tres de novo, que seguirán de forma prospectiva a 3.600 mujeres embarazadas, desde el inicio del embarazo hasta los 4-6 años del niño. Los objetivos generales de la red son: (1) Describir la exposición individual a tóxicos ambientales durante la gestación y la primera infancia. (2) Evaluar los efectos de la exposición a tóxicos y de la dieta en el desarrollo fetal e infantil. (3) Evaluar la interacción entre factores tóxicos, nutricionales y genéticos en el desarrollo fetal e infantil. El seguimiento se realiza en cada trimestre de la gestación, al nacimiento, al año y hasta los cuatro o seis años del niño. La información se recoge mediante cuestionarios, datos clínicos, exploración física, ecografías, biomarcadores y mediciones ambientales. En este trabajo se presentan las características generales de la red y se describe la situación actual de cada una de las cohortes.Palabras clave: Infancia. Medio ambiente. Dieta. Estudio de cohortes. Embarazo. Efectos Tardíos de la exposición prenatal. Prevención. Nutrición prenatal. ABSTRACT The Environment and Childhood Research Network («INMA» Network): Study ProtocolIncreasingly greater evidence exists as to the influence which diet and exposure to low doses of toxic substances during the prenatal stage and early childhood has on health and well-being throughout later stages of life. Following the WHO and European Union recommendations in 2003, the Cooperative Environment and Childhood Research Network was set up to study the effects of the environment and diet on fetal and early childhood development in different geographical areas of Spain. This Network integrates different multidisciplinary research groups and is comprised of six cohortsthree pre-existing and three de novo -which will follow up prospectively 3,600 pregnant women, from the start of pregnancy up to age 4-6 years of the child. This network's general objectives are: (1) To describe individual exposure to toxic substances in the environment during gestation and early childhood. (2) To evaluate the effects of exposure to toxic substances and diet on fetal and early childhood development. (3) To evaluate the interaction among toxic, nutritional and genetic factors in fetal and early childhood development. The follow-up is done every three months during gestation, at birth, at age one and up to age four or six. The information is gathered by means of questionnaires, clinical data, physical...

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“…However, there have been controversies in this regard (16) and it is not known whether this phenomenon can be generalized to other psychiatric disorders. On the other hand, there are very few studies on the results of skin niacin test among other psychiatric and neurodevelopmental diseases such as depression, bipolar, and autism disorders (17)(18)(19)(20), and the results have been controversial. Therefore, further studies are required to better demonstrate the properties of the niacin skin test as a diagnostic test for schizophrenia in order to differentiate from other psychiatric disorders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Niacin Skin Flush Response in Patients with Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder

Maroufi

Tabatabaeian

et al. 2016

Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci

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Background: Patients with schizophrenia have abnormal skin flush response to niacin. We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of niacin skin test in these patients. Objectives:We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of niacin skin test in these patients. Materials and Methods:This diagnostic trial with parallel-group design was conducted at the Noor university hospital in Isfahan (Iran) from January to September 2014. Participated Subjects were hospitalized schizophrenic adult and their first degree relatives, bipolar disorder patients and healthy controls (n = 25 in each group). Niacin skin test was performed using 0.5 mL of 0.1 M and 0.01 M diluted methyl nicotinate solutions applied every 5 minutes for a total of 20 minutes and graded from 0 (no redness) to 3 (extreme redness). Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated. Results:The time point at which there was no further significant change in the skin response was 10 minutes after the test. At this set point, schizophrenic patients had lower response to each solutions compared to others (P < 0.001), but there was no difference between bipolar disorder patients and controls (P > 0.05). A grade of ≤ 1 skin response to the 0.01 M solution of methyl nicotinate would provide sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of 80%, 93.3%, 80%, and 93.3%, respectively, in differentiating schizophrenic from other groups. Using 0.1 M solution provide lower sensitivity (32%) and negative predictive value (81.5%), but higher specificity (100%) and positive predictive value (100%). Conclusions:Niacin skin flush response is impaired in schizophrenic patients. This phenomenon may be used as a complementary diagnostic test in psychiatric workups.

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Potential diagnostic aids for abnormal fatty acid metabolism in a range of neurodevelopmental disorders

Cited by 31 publications

References 33 publications

Cannabinoids Influence Lipid–Arachidonic Acid Pathways in Schizophrenia

Cannabinoids Influence Lipid–Arachidonic Acid Pathways in Schizophrenia

La red de investigación "infancia y medio ambiente"(Red INMA): Protocolo de estudio

Comparison of Niacin Skin Flush Response in Patients with Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder

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