Potential economic impacts of terminator technologies: policy implications for developing countries

Srinivasan, C. S.; Thirtle, Colin

doi:10.1017/s1355770x0300010x

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…11 Although PVP provide some incentives for increased plant breeding, evidence from some empirical studies show mixed results with some authors finding that it may not be strong enough to encourage plant breeding investments. [11][12][13][14] For example, Tripp et al 11 studied the potential of PVP to provide incentives for plant breeding in developing countries (China, India, Colombia, Kenya and Uganda). Their findings showed that development of PVP systems in developing countries should be framed as part of a broader strategy for seed system development, as PVP may not be adequate to initiate commercial seed development.…”

Section: International Experiences In Plant Variety Protectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

evolving landscape of plant breeders’ rights regarding wheat varieties in South Africa

Nhemachena¹,

Liebenberg²,

Kirsten³

2016

S. Afr. J. Sci.

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Addressing the multiple challenges facing global agriculture requires integrated innovation in areas such as seeds, biotechnology, crop protection, grain storage and transport. Innovations related to plant improvement and the development of new or improved plant varieties will only happen at an optimal level if plant breeders’ rights (PBR) are properly protected. The objective was to analyse the evolving landscape of wheat plant breeders’ rights to address the dearth of empirical evidence of the patterns and trends of wheat varietal improvements in South Africa. We compiled a detailed and novel count and attribute database of wheat varietal innovations in South Africa from 1979 to 2013 using various sources. This data set was then analysed to ascertain the main trends in, and ownership of PBRs for wheat varietal improvements in South Africa over this period. A total of 134 PBR wheat varietal innovations were lodged from 1979 to 2013, an average of 6 applications per year. The administrative delays in granting PBR applications were substantially reduced by 77 days during the post-deregulation period (after 1996), indicating increased efficiency. The main PBR applicants were Sensako (39%), the Agricultural Research Council Small Grains Institute (ARC-SGI) (25%) and Pannar (15%). The ARC-SGI contributed to some of the PBRs owned by private companies through shared genetic resources before Plant Variety Protection (PVP) was implemented. Future innovations and dissemination of wheat innovations can be stimulated by plant variety protection, together with broader variety sector legislation that encourages both public and private sector investment.

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Section: International Experiences In Plant Variety Protectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

evolving landscape of plant breeders’ rights regarding wheat varieties in South Africa

Nhemachena¹,

Liebenberg²,

Kirsten³

2016

S. Afr. J. Sci.

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“…Furthermore, companies apply other legal (e.g. patents, plant variety protection, and contract growing) and biological ways to make GM seeds excludable (Srinivasan and Thirtle, 2003). For example, with respect to biological methods of exclusion, companies prevent farmers from saving GM seed for future use.…”

Section: Seed Supply and Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetically modified crops and small-scale farmers: main opportunities and challenges

Azadi

Samiee

Mahmoudi

et al. 2015

Critical Reviews in Biotechnology

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Although some important features of genetically modified (GM) crops such as insect-resistance, herbicide-tolerance and drought-tolerance might seem beneficial to small-scale farmers, the adoption of GM technology by smallholders is still slight. Identifying pros and cons of using this technology is important to understand the impacts of GM crops on these farmers. This article reviews the main opportunities and challenges of GM crops for small-scale farmers in developing countries. The most significant advantages of GM crops include being independent to farm size, environment protection, improvement of occupational health issues, and the potential of bio-fortified crops to reduce malnutrition. Challenges faced by small-scale farmers for adoption of GM crops comprise availability and accessibility of GM crops seeds, seeds dissemination and price, and lack of adequate information. In addition, R&D and production costs in using GM crops make it difficult for these farmers to adopt these crops. Moreover, intellectual property rights regulations may deprive resource poor farmers from the advantages of GM technology. Finally, concerns on socio-economic and environment safety issues are also addressed in this paper.

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“…In addition to this, some empirical studies have argued that IPRs or PVP systems might not be strong enough to stimulate significant investments in plant breeding research and innovations [6,9,10]. For example, Tripp et al [6], based on case studies from China, Colombia, India, Kenya and Uganda, found that development of PVP systems in developing countries were inadequate for stimulating the development of the local commercial seed sector, and recommended that efforts need to be integrated into broader seed system development strategies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Plant Breeders’ Rights on Wheat Productivity and Varietal Improvement in South African Agriculture

2019

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The strengthening of the intellectual property rights (IPRs) for plant varieties provide incentives for breeding companies to invest more resources in plant breeding. The main objective of this paper was to analyze the effects of strengthening the wheat variety intellectual protection on wheat productivity and the release of new varieties. The strength of IPR systems was measured using an intellectual property (IP) protection index, and plant breeders’ rights (PBRs) granted for wheat varieties. The empirical analyses were based on correlation and multiple regression analyses. The results showed that strengthening IPR systems in South Africa contribute to improving wheat productivity and increasing the number of wheat varieties released. Furthermore, although the robust coefficients of the other IPR variables are positive, they are statistically insignificant for all scenarios. There is a need for more incentives beyond granting PBRs and strengthening of IPR systems to be provided in the whole wheat sector to stimulate increased investments and the release of new varieties.

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Potential economic impacts of terminator technologies: policy implications for developing countries

Cited by 11 publications

References 7 publications

evolving landscape of plant breeders’ rights regarding wheat varieties in South Africa

evolving landscape of plant breeders’ rights regarding wheat varieties in South Africa

Genetically modified crops and small-scale farmers: main opportunities and challenges

The Effects of Plant Breeders’ Rights on Wheat Productivity and Varietal Improvement in South African Agriculture

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