Potential effects of dietary probiotics with Chinese herb polysaccharides on the growth performance, immunity, disease resistance, and intestinal microbiota of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Abstract

This study evaluated the effect of probiotics (Clostridium butyricum, Bacillus coagulans) and Chinese herb polysaccharides (Astragalus polysaccharides, APS) on growth performance, immunity, disease resistance, and intestinal microbiota of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Specimens of O. mykiss (n = 360; 79.9 ± 2.2 g) were fed for 42 days with different diets containing a basal diet (control, C0), supplemented with 109 CFU/kg of C. butyricum + 109 CFU/kg of B. coagulans (E1) and 109 CFU/kg of C. butyricum + 109 CFU/kg of B. coagulans + 100 g/kg of APS (E2) as experimental diets. The results indicated that both E1 and E2 diets increased specific growth rate, reduced feed conversion ratio, and optimized muscle composition. Compared with the control treatment, after trout were fed with E2 diet 42 days, activities of SOD, T‐AOC, and CAT increased significantly, while malondialdehyde content decreased significantly in the E1 treatment. After Aeromonas salmonicida challenge, cumulative mortality was 80%, 41%, and 29% in C0, E1 and E2 treatments, respectively. The abundance of Bacillales, Actinomycetales, and Pseudomonadales increased in the fish intestine of E2 treatment, while that of Rhodobacterales and Rhizobiales decreased. These data showed that C. butyricum + B. coagulans with APS improved growth performance, enhanced immunity and disease resistance, and modulated intestinal microbiota of O. mykiss.

The Effect of Dietary Lactic Acid Bacteria on Intestinal Microbiota and Immune Responses of Crucian Carp (Carassius auratus) Under Water Temperature Decrease

“…The intestinal microflora play an important role in fish, such as participating in a variety of physiological functions including feed digestion, reduction of the invasion of pathogenic bacteria, and synthesis of the trace elements, amino acids, and vitamins ( Mente et al, 2016 ; Gao et al, 2019 ; Siddik et al, 2020 ). It is well known that various factors could alter the composition of intestinal microorganisms, such as direct-fed microorganisms or diet composition ( Fan et al, 2021 ). Therefore, it was important for this study to investigate the effect of the feed additives (with or without LAB) on intestinal microbiota.…”

“…LAB is expected to be growth promoters and immunostimulants in aquaculture ( LeBlanc et al, 2017 ). It is well known that various factors, such as direct-fed microorganisms or diet composition, could alter the composition of intestinal microorganisms ( Fan et al, 2021 ). Therefore, it is important for this study to investigate the effect of feed additives (with or without LAB) on intestinal microbiota.…”

Effects of Panax notoginseng Water Extract on Immune Responses and Digestive Enzymes in White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

“…Panax notoginseng saponins are the main active components of the Panax notoginseng root. They contain a mixture of dammarane-typ saponins such as Panax notoginsenoside R1, ginsenoside Rg1, Rd, and Rb1 [ 40 ]. Sun et al (2018) [ 9 ] reported that Panax notoginseng extract promoted the growth of hybrid groupers ( Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂ × Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀) as well as their antioxidant capacity, mainly because the active components were influenced by the Panax notoginseng saponins [ 9 ].…”

Potential Role of Plant Polysaccharides as Immunostimulants in Aquaculture – A Review

“…A result demonstrated that (100 g/kg) APS combined with probiotics (10 9 CFU/kg) Clostridium butyricum and (10 9 CFU/kg) Bacillus coagulans supplemented for 42 days found to increase the specific growth rate (SGR) and reduce the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in Oncorhynchus mykiss. Furthermore, fish groups supplemented with APS and prebiotic developed disease resistance and regulates the intestinal microbiota (Fan et al, 2021). Fish O. niloticus fed with APS significantly improved the growth, Feed intake (FI), SGR and immune related functions at (1500 mg/kg) of diet concentrations (Zahran et al, 2014).…”