Potential emissions of CO2 and methane from proved reserves of fossil fuels: An alternative analysis

Heede, Richard; Орескес, Наоми

doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.10.005

Cited by 113 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…As Germany has above-average chemical production, the share of chemicals can even be estimated to be less than 4% worldwide. Only the small share of 8% of crude oil, 1.7% of natural gas, 0.02% of coal goes into chemicals (Heede and Oreskes 2016). In spite of continuously rising production costs and advancing climate change, investments continue to be made in increasingly difficult fossil deposits.…”

Section: The Current Economymentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioeconomy: Markets, Implications, and Investment Opportunities

Kircher¹

2019

Economies

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In order to achieve the objectives of the Paris Climate Change Agreement, the conversion of our economy, which is still dominated by fossil carbon, to the bioeconomy model must be completed by 2050. This requires a shift from oil, gas and coal to agricultural, forestry and marine raw materials and will affect the global processing chains for energy, fuels and chemicals. However, the land required for the production of raw materials is competing with the production of food and animal feed. In addition, future land use must better take into account planetary boundaries and the preservation of ecosystem services. In order to achieve economic, ecological and societal sustainability, the necessary measures must therefore be geared towards the UN’s sustainability goals. Against this background, the future bioeconomy will have to concentrate on the food, chemical and heavy fuel sectors. Important sub-areas are alternative animal protein for nutrition, feedstock efficiency in the processing of bio-based raw materials, and the expansion of the raw materials spectrum. This requires enormous investment in industrial facilities, the integration of newly emerging value chains and the necessary infrastructure. The annual global investment requirements for renewable energy, bio-based chemicals and fuels, and ecosystem services is estimated at USD 1–2 trillion over the next three decades, equivalent to about 1.3–2.6% of global GDP. This article discusses the implications and guard rails of the bioeconomy model, as well as capital needs and possible sources.

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Section: The Current Economymentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioeconomy: Markets, Implications, and Investment Opportunities

Kircher¹

2019

Economies

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“…Over a 260 year period (1751-2010), these companies produced 2/3 of the cumulative global emissions of industrial carbon dioxide and methane. They drive the current carbon-intensive growth model and control large fossil fuel reserves (Heede and Oreskes, 2016). Direct prescriptive measures to disrupt 'business-as-usual' emissions in these upstream sectors include: capping fossil fuel extraction; banning coal extraction and export; and eliminating fossil fuel subsidies.…”

Section: Upstream Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Policy Role of Corporate Carbon Management: Co‐regulating Ecological Effectiveness

Lister

2018

Global Policy

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The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has called for private sector participation in global carbon governance and corporations now seem to be heeding the call at an unprecedented scale. Both critics and proponents of corporate social responsibility (CSR) interpret this as a necessary but uncertain development. Business response has demonstrably failed in the past. Contributing to the CSR and private environmental governance effectiveness literature, this article argues that while voluntary corporate climate governance efforts are essential and improving, they are far from sufficient for meaningful decarbonization. Through an evaluation of the three main underlying corporate carbon management practices (target setting, carbon pricing and carbon reporting), the article highlights how company efforts create business advantage (e.g. risk management) but fall short on ecological effectiveness (i.e. absolute carbon reduction). In response, the paper argues the importance of greater climate policy co‐regulation. This includes indirect enabling by governments and the IPCC to encourage incremental improvements in company efforts. It also includes more direct, state‐led prescriptive interventions coordinated across supply chains and supported by international organizations, to ensure corporate participation and deeper transformative change to business models, industry structures and consumptive patterns at the root of the global climate crisis.

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“…Fugitive emissions from NG transportation, distribution, and consumption lead to an increase in atmospheric CH 4 concentration (Heede and Oreskes, 2016). As suggested by McKain et al (2015), the majority of NG leaks in urban areas occur in the system of gas distribution to the residential and commercial sectors.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Methane Concentration Allows Estimating Natural Gas Leaks in Heating Systems in Tandil, Argentina

et al. 2019

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Residential use of natural gas (NG) for heating and cooking purposes may contribute significantly to CH4 emissions to the atmosphere. To analyze whether the NG demand in the city of Tandil, Argentina, contributes to the increase in atmospheric CH4 concentration, we conducted systematic collections of time‐integrated air samples for a year in six city sites with different population and built‐up density. Some meteorological parameters and NG consumption were registered. Atmospheric CH4 concentration ranged from 1.12 to 1.95 mg m−3 (1.72 to 2.84 ppm) with significant seasonal and spatial variations. In all the sites, with the exception of a peri‐urban site bordering rural areas, the maximum CH4 concentrations were measured during the coldest months, with a statistically significant correlation between residential and commercial NG consumption with respect to air temperature (p < 0.001, R = −0.84 to −0.69) and atmospheric CH4 concentration (p < 0.05, R = 0.58 to 0.94). In Argentina, the most popular home heating system is the balanced‐draft heater, which has a thermal efficiency of 39 to 63%. This low efficiency allows us to attribute the highest atmospheric CH4 concentration found during the coldest months mainly to the leaks of the heating systems and the greater residential use of NG. Repairing the gas leaks by increasing thermal efficiency or replacing heating systems with more efficient ones will bring economic, environmental, and health benefits. This study is important for our country where the dependence on the use of NG from heating systems is significant. Core Ideas We studied atmospheric CH4 concentration in an urban area at a southern mid‐latitude. We observed spatial and seasonal variations in atmospheric CH4 concentration. The highest atmospheric CH4 concentrations were measured during the coldest months. Methane concentration and residential natural gas consumption were well correlated. Low‐efficiency heating systems cause an increase in CH4 concentrations.

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Potential emissions of CO2 and methane from proved reserves of fossil fuels: An alternative analysis

Cited by 113 publications

References 9 publications

Bioeconomy: Markets, Implications, and Investment Opportunities

Bioeconomy: Markets, Implications, and Investment Opportunities

The Policy Role of Corporate Carbon Management: Co‐regulating Ecological Effectiveness

Atmospheric Methane Concentration Allows Estimating Natural Gas Leaks in Heating Systems in Tandil, Argentina

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