Potential for application of an acoustic camera in particle tracking velocimetry

Wu, Fu Chun; Shao, Yun Chuan; Wang, Chi-Kuei; Liou, Jim C. P.

doi:10.1063/1.3021046

Cited by 3 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…It may be possible to combine the attractive attributes of laboratory optical-camera-based particle-tracking techniques (measurements of 2D velocity vector fields) and acoustic-based flow measurement techniques (ability to obtain velocities in turbid flows) by using an acoustic camera to track the suspended particles. Acoustic cameras can easily operate in turbid flows (Belcher et al 2001;Kim et al 2005;Belcher 2006;Wu et al 2008) and locate the position of objects in two dimensions, as required for particle-tracking-based flow measurement. However, the use of acoustic cameras for particle-tracking-based flow measurement is a heretofore uninvestigated area of experimental flow measurement, and only a single study (Wu et al 2008) assesses the feasibility of acoustic cameras for any particle-tracking application.…”

Section: Figuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acoustic cameras can easily operate in turbid flows (Belcher et al 2001;Kim et al 2005;Belcher 2006;Wu et al 2008) and locate the position of objects in two dimensions, as required for particle-tracking-based flow measurement. However, the use of acoustic cameras for particle-tracking-based flow measurement is a heretofore uninvestigated area of experimental flow measurement, and only a single study (Wu et al 2008) assesses the feasibility of acoustic cameras for any particle-tracking application. Consequently, several steps will need to be taken to close the gap between generic particle tracking with acoustic cameras and the particle tracking required for flow measurement.…”

Section: Figuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One study (Wu et al 2008) examines the possibility of using acoustic cameras to track particles. Acoustic cameras, or imaging sonars, are small multi-beam active sonars used to "see" in low-visibility environments.…”

Section: Particle Tracking With An Acoustic Cameramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This will be discussed in more detail in Section 3.2.3. Wu et al (2008) used a DIDSON dual-frequency identification sonar acoustic camera (DIDSON, Sound Metrics Corp., Bellevue, Washington) to track five 8 mm plastic beads. These beads were located at the water surface and were mechanically driven by a variable speed motor rather than suspended in the flow.…”

Section: Particle Tracking With An Acoustic Cameramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These beads were located at the water surface and were mechanically driven by a variable speed motor rather than suspended in the flow. The beads were also observed with a chargecoupled device (CCD) camera to compare the results of the acoustic camera particle tracking with the optical-camera particle-tracking results (see Figure 2-5 for Wu et al [2008] experiment configuration). Once the physical particle position is determined from the images using geometric calibration, the particle trajectories can be differentiated using central differencing to determine the particle velocity.…”

Section: Particle Tracking With An Acoustic Cameramentioning

confidence: 99%

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The feasibility of performing particle-tracking-based flow measurements with acoustic cameras

Young¹,

McFall²

2017

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Modern science lacks the capability to quantify flow velocity fields in turbid environments, particularly in the field. Existing optical-camera particle-tracking-based techniques developed to quantify two-dimensional (2D) velocity fields in laboratory environments, such as particle image velocimetry (PIV), are equipment intensive and can only be performed in a reasonably transparent fluid (so the camera can observe the light reflected by the particles). Acoustic-based flow measurement equipment used in the field (e.g., acoustic Doppler velocimeter and acoustic Doppler current profiler) can readily acquire velocities in turbid flows but only measure point velocities or velocities along a transect. Consequently, they do not provide the capability to quantify spatial gradients of velocity when deployed individually. The objective of this report is to explore whether acoustic cameras can be used in place of optical cameras in particletracking-based flow measurement techniques, such as PIV. Acoustic cameras may offer the capability to track a large number of particles in a plane as is required for traditional PIV and are designed to operate in turbid environments. The development of an acoustic camera particletracking-based flow measurement system will be able to quantify 2D flow velocity fields in turbid environments and be readily adaptable to a fieldbased system. DISCLAIMER: The contents of this report are not to be used for advertising, publication, or promotional purposes. Citation of trade names does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use of such commercial products. All product names and trademarks cited are the property of their respective owners. The findings of this report are not to be construed as an official Department of the Army position unless so designated by other authorized documents.

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Section: Figuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Particle Tracking With An Acoustic Cameramentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Particle Tracking With An Acoustic Cameramentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Particle Tracking With An Acoustic Cameramentioning

confidence: 99%

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The feasibility of performing particle-tracking-based flow measurements with acoustic cameras

Young¹,

McFall²

2017

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Bubble image velocimetry with a field-deployable acoustic camera

Young

McFall

Bryant

2018

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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This study explores performing bubble image velocimetry (BIV) analysis on images acquired from an acoustic camera (AC) to obtain measurements of the flow in the wake of a circular cylinder at two flowrates. The AC observes the returns from air micro-bubbles suspended in the flow which are used as tracer particles in PIV-style analysis. The size distribution of the micro-bubbles is measured with an acoustic bubble spectrometer (ABS). The AC BIV measurements of the wake agree well with the comparison measurements made by cross-stream arrays of acoustic Doppler velocimeters (ADVs) for the lower of the two measured flowrates. The AC BIV measurements of cross-stream profiles of the mean downstream velocities and the profiles of characteristics of the velocity fluctuations, such as the standard deviation of the downstream and cross-stream velocity fluctuations, the covariance of the horizontal velocity fluctuations, and the kinetic energy of the horizontal velocity fluctuations, all matched the ADV measurements well. However, the measurement technique is sensitive to bubble size distribution, as the higher flowrate AC BIV measurements struggled to replicate the ADV measurements, particularly the measurements of the velocity fluctuations. The higher flowrate experiment is revealed to have an order of magnitude more bubbles with size exceeding 15 present in the flow than the lower flowrate experiment. The increased bubble density caused increased noise in the AC images and a ‘flickering’ effect, with bubbles further away from the camera being intermittently obscured by those closer to the camera. The ability to make PIV-style measurements with an AC has ramifications for flow measurements in the field. ACs operate in turbid environments, do not require a laser and extensive optics, and do not require calibration with a grid plate to convert pixel space to physical space.

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Bubble image velocimetry with an acoustic camera

Young¹,

McFall²,

Bryant³

2019

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This Dredging Operations and Environmental Research (DOER) Technical Note (TN) describes the equipment and techniques necessary to perform bubble image velocimetry (BIV) using images acquired from an acoustic camera (imaging sonar). BACKGROUND: BIV is a subset of particle image velocimetry (PIV), a common laboratory experimental technique used to measure flow velocity. In traditional particle image velocimetry, the flow of interest is seeded with tracer particles that reflect light and are assumed to faithfully follow the motion of the fluid, which is a valid assumption with sufficiently small particles (Adrian and Westerweel 2011). In BIV, bubbles are used in place of tracer particles (Ryu et al. 2005). In either case, the motion of the tracer particles/bubbles is observed-generally with a charge-coupled device or complementary metal-oxide semiconductor digital camera for modern systems-and used to quantify the flow velocity. The flow velocity is measured by subdividing the camera images into windows (e.g., 16 × 16 pixels); then, cross-correlation is used to determine the aggregate displacement of all the particles in each window between successive images (Raffel et al. 2007). However, traditional PIV and BIV measurement techniques with an optical camera are difficult to deploy in the field because they are equipment intensive, require stationary, well-calibrated images, and can only be performed in a reasonably transparent fluid (such that the optical camera can see the tracer particles/bubbles). Obviously these requirements quickly become restrictive in field deployments, particularly in highly turbid environments near dredging operations.

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Potential for application of an acoustic camera in particle tracking velocimetry

Cited by 3 publications

References 6 publications

The feasibility of performing particle-tracking-based flow measurements with acoustic cameras

The feasibility of performing particle-tracking-based flow measurements with acoustic cameras

Bubble image velocimetry with a field-deployable acoustic camera

Bubble image velocimetry with an acoustic camera

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