Potential for Potable Water Savings in Buildings by Using Stormwater Harvested from Porous Pavements

Antunes, Lucas Niehuns; Thives, Liseane Padilha; Ghisi, Enedir

doi:10.3390/w8040110

Cited by 36 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In particular, they promote economic demand management mechanisms that proved successful in arid regions, like the water pricing incentives set during the 2013-2015 water crisis yet abandoned once the critical period was over, or water rights trade and adaptation for less thirsty and higher added value crops implemented in Brazil's northeastern state Ceara. Other authors also encourage moving towards local solutions and rainwater harvest [30,72,73] or catchment protection options [74][75][76]. All agree that, in a changing environment, there is a need for water authorities and its population to raise awareness about limited freshwater resources.…”

Section: Coping With the Risk Of Water Crisismentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Supply Basins of São Paulo Metropolitan Region: Hydro-Climatic Characteristics of the 2013–2015 Water Crisis

Milano

Reynard

Miranda

et al. 2018

Water

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São Paulo metropolitan region experienced an acute water crisis between 2013 and 2015. According to the Brazilian and international press, it was due to climatic, anthropogenic, and water management factors. This paper assesses the hydro-climatic characteristics of the crisis by focusing on the Alto-Tietê basin and the headwater of the Piracicaba-Capivari-Jundiaí (PCJ) basin that supply 70% of the water consumed in the metropolis. Based on 16 rain-gauge stations, 5 runoff-gauge stations, and several statistical analyses carried over the 1951-2015 period, this assessment shows that the 2013-2015 hydro-climatic crisis resulted from a large number of days without rain in the north of the Alto-Tietê basin and to less intense precipitation events in the headwaters of the PCJ basin during the austral spring 2013 and the year 2014. It also defines a return period of 98 years for observed river flows in 2014. Despite the rare nature of this hydrological drought, the need for efficient water saving policies is brought forward.

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Section: Coping With the Risk Of Water Crisismentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Supply Basins of São Paulo Metropolitan Region: Hydro-Climatic Characteristics of the 2013–2015 Water Crisis

Milano

Reynard

Miranda

et al. 2018

Water

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“…Note: 1 Refers to the group of buildings roofs, parking lots and esplanades of the campus. 5 Disinfection by chlorination was selected to eliminate pathogens (virus, bacteria, and protozoa) from rainwater and greywater. Sodium hypochlorite pentahydrate (NaOCl¨5H 2 O) was selected as disinfectant with doses of 4.4 mg/L for rainwater and 5.7 mg/L for greywater, ensuring a free residual chlorine concentration of 1.5 mg/L.…”

Section: Selection and Design Of Treatment Processes For Rainwater Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the pressure on water supplies continuing to increase due to the rapid urbanization, industrialization and intensive agriculture of growing economies, interest in the use of alternative water sources, such as rainwater and recycled wastewater, is also growing [5][6][7][8]. Rainwater harvesting (RWH) is a widely known and used technique statistical analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of Rainwater Harvesting and Greywater Reuse for Water Consumption Reduction and Wastewater Minimization

Zavala

Vega

Miranda

2016

Water

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Northeastern Mexico is a semiarid region with water scarcity and a strong pressure on water sources caused by the rapid increase of population and industrialization. In this region, rainwater harvesting alone is not enough to meet water supply demands due to the irregular distribution of rainfall in time and space. Thus, in this study the reliability of integrating rainwater harvesting with greywater reuse to reduce water consumption and minimize wastewater generation in the Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey Campus, was assessed. Potable water consumption and greywater generation in main facilities of the campus were determined. Rainwater that can be potentially harvested in roofs and parking areas of the campus was estimated based on a statistical analysis of the rainfall. Based on these data, potential water savings and wastewater minimization were determined. Characterization of rainwater and greywater was carried out to determine the treatment necessities for each water source. Additionally, the capacity of water storage tanks was estimated. For the selected treatment systems, an economic assessment was conducted to determine the viability of the alternatives proposed. Results showed that water consumption can be reduced by 48% and wastewater generation can be minimized by 59%. Implementation of rainwater harvesting and greywater reuse systems in the Monterrey Campus will generate important economic benefits to the institution. Amortization of the investments will be achieved in only six years, where the net present value (NPV) will be on the order of US $50,483.2, the internal rate of return (IRR) of 4.6% and the benefits-investment ratio (B/I) of 1.7. From the seventh year, the project will present an IRR greater than the minimum acceptable rate of return (MARR). In a decade, the IRR will be 14.4%, more than twice the MARR, the NPV of US $290,412.1 and the B/I of 3.1, denoting economic feasibility. Based on these results, it is clear that integrating rainwater harvesting with greywater reuse resulted in a more feasible and reliable strategy than those strategies based only on rainwater harvesting. Furthermore, the investments can be amortized in a shorter period of time.

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“…In addition, water management is an important scientific issue because there is a need to constantly search means to assure the availability of good-quality water and to preserve such resource (Araújo, Alves, Chrispim, Mendes & Silva, 2015). Several studies have shown that harvested rainwater can be used for many purposes, being essential to water resources management; it is also an alternative to face the water scarcity on the planet and reduce flood risks in the cities (Muthukumaran, Baskaran & Sexton, 2011;Souza & Ghisi, 2012;Stec & Kordana, 2015;Devkota, Schlachter & Apul, 2015;Antunes, Thives & Ghisi, 2016). The use of rainwater reduces pressure on public water systems, on the groundwater, and also on freshwater from rivers and lakes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potable Water Savings in Multifamily Buildings Using Stormwater Runoff from Impermeable Paved Streets

Thives¹,

Ghisi²,

Silva³

2018

EJSD

Self Cite

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Currently, due to the imbalance between demand and supply of water, a short-term possibility of water resources scarcity is a challenge to be faced in several countries. This subject has been a matter of concern for researchers, governments, regulators, and water suppliers. The enforcement of sustainable measures, such as the use of rainwater in buildings, is an alternative to ease the problem; however, the use of stormwater in buildings should also be assessed. The objective of this work is to estimate the potential for potable water savings in multifamily buildings through the use of stormwater runoff collected from paved streets. A case study was carried out, based on actual buildings and catchment areas of urban streets in the city centre of Florianópolis, a city located in southern Brazil. Stormwater runoff is meant to be used for non-potable purposes such as toilet flushing, washing machines, and cleaning. Computer simulations were performed using the Netuno computer programme, version 4. Three scenarios of water consumption were simulated (120, 160 and 200 L/person.day). A paved area equal to 9,058 m² and a rainwater tank capacity of 1,000 m 3 were obtained. The potential for potable water savings ranged from 16.91% to 33.39% according to the water demand for non-potable purposes. The use of stormwater runoff harvested from paved streets can be an alternative to save potable water in buildings as well as contribute to a sustainable urban drainage.

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Potential for Potable Water Savings in Buildings by Using Stormwater Harvested from Porous Pavements

Cited by 36 publications

References 43 publications

Water Supply Basins of São Paulo Metropolitan Region: Hydro-Climatic Characteristics of the 2013–2015 Water Crisis

Water Supply Basins of São Paulo Metropolitan Region: Hydro-Climatic Characteristics of the 2013–2015 Water Crisis

Potential of Rainwater Harvesting and Greywater Reuse for Water Consumption Reduction and Wastewater Minimization

Potable Water Savings in Multifamily Buildings Using Stormwater Runoff from Impermeable Paved Streets

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