Potential impacts from biological aerosols on ensembles of continental clouds simulated numerically

Phillips, Vaughan T. J.; Andronache, C.; Christner, Brent C.; Morris, Cindy E.; Sands, David; Bansemer, Aaron; Lauer, Axel; McNaughton, C. S.; Seman, Charles J.

doi:10.5194/bg-6-987-2009

Cited by 103 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 81 publications

(143 reference statements)

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“…If they play a catalyzing role in the formation of precipitation, they could have applications in drought mitigation. Phillips et al (2009) also wrote that the abundance of bacterial ice nuclei in the environment, their capacity to induce ice formation and their overall apparent link to the water cycle lead to the open question of whether emissions of such ice nucleating biogenic particles from their sources (plants in particular) can be modified by their own effects on clouds and atmospheric conditions, forming a weak feedback system, which is consistent with the proposal of Sands et al (1982).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…Therefore, the results of this simple numerical modeling emphasize that biological IN or any IN with warm temperature activity (warmer than −8 • C) are relevant for cloud electricity, as has been suggested previously in the work of Phillips et al (2009). Additionally, this work, Phillips et al (2009), found that INA can influence significantly the average number and size of crystals in the clouds; the horizontal cloud coverage, precipitation and radiative properties and they open questions about whether emissions of IN particles can be modified by their own effects on clouds and atmospheric conditions. Besides, Michaud et al (2011) observed that centers of hailstones contain much more bacteria than the surrounding air which emphasizes all results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Amato et al (2007) found bacteria mainly in the genera Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas, Staphylococcus, Streptomyces, and Arthrobacter and fungi such as Cladosporium or Trametes. Additionally, Phillips et al (2009) have shown in preliminary simulations, performed for a case of deep convection over Oklahoma, that certain concentrations of ice nuclei with activities similar to bacterial ice nuclei could influence significantly: (1) the average number and size of ice crystals in the clouds; (2) the horizontal cloud coverage in the free troposphere; and (3) precipitation and incident solar insolation at the surface, which influence rates of bacterial growth. There is currently very little data on the atmospheric concentration of biological ice nuclei.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of bacterial ice nuclei on the frequency and intensity of lightning activity inferred by the BRAMS model

Gonçalves¹,

Martins

Albrecht

et al. 2012

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Many studies from the last decades have shown that airborne microorganisms can be intrinsically linked to atmospheric processes. Certain bacteria may constitute the most active ice nuclei found in the atmosphere and might have some influence on the formation of ice crystals in clouds. This study deals with the ice nucleation activity of Pseudomonas syringae inside of thunderstorms through numerical simulations using BRAMS (Brazilian Regional Atmospheric Model System). The numerical simulations were developed in order to investigate the effect on the total amount of rainwater as a function of ice nuclei (IN) P. syringae concentrations with different scenarios (classified as S2 to S4 scenarios) corresponding to a maximum of 102 to 104 IN bacteria per liter of cloud water plus the BRAMS default (classified as S5 scenario). Additionally, two other scenarios were included without any IN (S1) and the sum of RAMS default and S4 scenario (classified as S6). The chosen radiosonde data is for 3 March 2003, typical summertime in São Paulo City which presents a strong convective cell. The objective of the simulations was to analyze the effect of the IN concentrations on the BRAMS modeled cloud properties and precipitation. The simulated electrification of the cloud permitted analysis of the total flashes estimated from precipitable and non-precipitable ice mass fluxes in two different lightning frequencies. Among all scenarios, only S4 and S6 presented a tendency to decrease the total cloud water, and all bacteria scenarios presented a tendency to decrease the total amount of rain (−8%), corroborating other reports in the literature. All bacteria scenarios also present higher precipitable ice concentrations compared to S5 scenario, the RAMS default. The main results present the total flash number per simulation as well. From the results, the total flash numbers, from both lightning frequencies, in S4 and S6 scenarios, are from 3.1 to 3.7 higher than the BRAMS default. Even the lower bacterial concentrations (scenarios S2 and S3) produced 3 time higher number of flashes, compared to S5 scenario. This result is a function of the hydrometeors in each simulation. In conclusion, IN bacteria could affect directly the thunderstorm structure and lightning formation with many other microphysical implications.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of bacterial ice nuclei on the frequency and intensity of lightning activity inferred by the BRAMS model

Gonçalves¹,

Martins

Albrecht

et al. 2012

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…However, on regional scales both observations and model studies have shown that biological particles may indeed play significant roles in atmospheric ice formation processes (e.g. Phillips et al, 2009;Prenni et al, 2009).…”

Section: O'sullivan Et Al: Ice Nucleation By Fertile Soil Dustsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ice nucleation by fertile soil dusts: relative importance of mineral and biogenic components

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Agricultural dust emissions have been estimated to contribute around 20 % to the global dust burden. In contrast to dusts from arid source regions, the ice-nucleating abilities of which have been relatively well studied, soil dusts from fertile sources often contain a substantial fraction of organic matter. Using an experimental methodology which is sensitive to a wide range of ice nucleation efficiencies, we have characterised the immersion mode ice-nucleating activities of dusts (d < 11 µm) extracted from fertile soils collected at four locations around England. By controlling droplet sizes, which ranged in volume from 10 −12 to 10 −6 L (concentration = 0.02 to 0.1 wt % dust), we have been able to determine the ice nucleation behaviour of soil dust particles at temperatures ranging from 267 K (−6 • C) down to the homogeneous limit of freezing at about 237 K (−36 • C). At temperatures above 258 K (−15 • C) we find that the ice-nucleating activity of soil dusts is diminished by heat treatment or digestion with hydrogen peroxide, suggesting that a major fraction of the ice nuclei stems from biogenic components in the soil. However, below 258 K, we find that the ice active site densities tend towards those expected from the mineral components in the soils, suggesting that the inorganic fraction of soil dusts, in particular the K-feldspar fraction, becomes increasingly important in the initiation of the ice phase at lower temperatures. We conclude that dusts from agricultural activities could contribute significantly to atmospheric IN concentrations, if such dusts exhibit similar activities to those observed in the current laboratory study.

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“…Recently ice initiations have been explicitly treated through the activations of ice nuclei in some meso-scale and global scale models (Lohmann and Diehl 2006;Phillips et al 2009;DeMott et al 2010) although in most of the models, ice initiation processes are prescribed as a function of temperature and/or supersaturation with respect to ice, regardless of ability of aerosol particles as IN and spatial and temporal distribution of their concentrations. In order to validate the models and/or to provide the initial and boundary conditions for the models, the spatial and temporal distributions of IN concentrations are required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automated Continuous-Flow Thermal-Diffusion-Chamber Type Ice Nucleus Counter

Saito¹,

Murakami²,

Tanaka³

2011

SOLA

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We built a Continuous-Flow Diffusion-Chamber type Ice Nucleus Counter based on the design of Rogers et al. (1988) at Colorado State University, USA and have improved it to operate automatically. The main improvements are 1) automatic procedures to coat the cylinder walls with ice, 2) automatic measurements of temperature and supersaturation spectra of ice nuclei activation, and 3) reducing the heat inertia of inner cylinder to shorten the time for scanning the activation temperatures and supersaturations.Its performance is briefly demonstrated through examples of measurements on activation spectra of ice nuclei for summertime atmospheric aerosol particles in the central part of Japan and for test aerosol particles (Arizona Test Dust and ice nucleating bacteria, Snomax®).

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Potential impacts from biological aerosols on ensembles of continental clouds simulated numerically

Cited by 103 publications

References 81 publications

Effect of bacterial ice nuclei on the frequency and intensity of lightning activity inferred by the BRAMS model

Effect of bacterial ice nuclei on the frequency and intensity of lightning activity inferred by the BRAMS model

Ice nucleation by fertile soil dusts: relative importance of mineral and biogenic components

Automated Continuous-Flow Thermal-Diffusion-Chamber Type Ice Nucleus Counter

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