Potential Influences on Initiation and Persistence of Extramedical Prescription Pain Reliever Use in the US Population

Dowling, Krista; Storr, Carla L.; Chilcoat, Howard D.

doi:10.1097/01.ajp.0000210926.41406.2c

Cited by 59 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…One should keep in mind that our sample is comprised of 'extramedical' opioid analgesic users, which stresses even more the need to identify and pay special attention to this group of users, and encourage them to recognize their problem, and to seek treatment. Adults with serious mental health problems were also increasingly more likely to be in Classes 3 and 4, corroborating other findings linking opioid analgesic misuse and psychiatric comorbidity (Dowling et al, 2006;Huang et al, 2006;Romach et al, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Understanding the patterns and distribution of opioid analgesic dependence symptoms using a latent empirical approach

Ghandour¹,

Martins²,

Chilcoat³

2008

Int J Methods Psych Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Prevalence of extramedical opioid analgesic use in the United States is rising, yet little is known about the nature and extent of problems of dependence related to the use of these drugs. This study uses latent class analysis to empirically define classes of past-year extramedical opioid analgesic users based on observed clustering of DSM-IV defined clinical dependence features; multinomial logistic regression is used to describe differences across these groups. The 2002-2003 public datafiles of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health were used to identify 7,810 extramedical opioid analgesic users in the past-year. The best-fitting four-class model identified classes that differed quantitatively and qualitatively, with 2% of the users in Class 4 (most severe) and 84% in Class 1 (least severe). Classes 2 and 3 had parallel symptom profiles, but those in Class 3 reported additional problems. Adolescents (12-17 year olds) were at higher odds of being in Class 3 vs. older age groups; Females were two times as likely to be in Classes 2 and 4, and those with mental health problems were at higher odds of belonging in the more severe classes. Differences by type of past year opioid users were also detected. This study sheds light on the classification and distribution of extramedical opioid analgesic dependence symptoms in the US general population, identifying subgroups that warrant immediate attention.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Understanding the patterns and distribution of opioid analgesic dependence symptoms using a latent empirical approach

Ghandour¹,

Martins²,

Chilcoat³

2008

Int J Methods Psych Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…|||| We were able to access the original source, but we were unable to translate the article into English. We contacted the "early warning system partner" for Italy, and it was confirmed on September 21,2007, that respondents were not queried on nonmedical use of prescription opioids. Questions were asked about "heroin and other opioids," but the drugs were not separated when prevalence of use was estimated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14,20,33,82 The significance of the problem has been demonstrated by results from national epidemiological surveys 44,74,76,77 and studies that have addressed demographics, risk factors, and estimated costs associated with the nonmedical use of prescription opioids. 8,21,30,65,69,78 Also available in the extant literature are commentaries, review articles, and conceptual papers on nonmedical use of prescription opioids. 18,35,45,46,64 Articles such as these will give the reader a snapshot of what we have learned and will bring to light some pressing issues that remain to be explored for us to better grasp the problem.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonmedical Use of Prescription Opioids: Motive and Ubiquity Issues

Zacny

Lichtor

2008

The Journal of Pain

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Two issues relating to prescription opioid nonmedical use that to our knowledge have not been comprehensively addressed in the peer-reviewed literature are discussed: Motives for nonmedical use and the extent of nonmedical use of prescription opioids in other countries. The United States' national annual survey on illicit drug use in the general population (National Survey on Drug Use and Health) asks respondents whether they have used prescription opioids for nonmedical purposes but does not assess motives for such use. By not assessing motives, nonmedical users who use only for pain relief and nonmedical users who have other motives for use are grouped together, but 2 recent epidemiological studies suggest that these 2 groups may differ in a propensity to have substance use-related problems. We suggest that the survey add a question that assesses motives for nonmedical use. Regarding whether countries besides the United States have problems associated with nonmedical use of prescription opioids, after searching for epidemiological surveys and other materials potentially relevant to this issue, we were unable to determine the extent of nonmedical use of prescription opioids in other countries or draw cross-national comparisons. We suggest that more countries include specific questions about nonmedical use of prescription opioids in their national epidemiological surveys.Perspective-We believe that critical information surrounding the nonmedical use of prescription opioids is not being gathered. Such information would allow for a better understanding of the problem. We invite discussion and commentaries regarding the issues we raise to more effectively address this public health issue. KeywordsPrescription; opioid; nonmedical use; abuse; epidemiology; pain; international This article will address 2 issues related to nonmedical use of prescription opioids. There are 3 drug use psurveys in the United States that assess non-medical use of these drugs, with differing definitions. 34,44,76 For reasons that will be described below, we will use the definition from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), 76 which is, using a prescription pain reliever "even once, that was not prescribed for you, or that you took only for the experience or feeling it caused." We will use the term "nonmedical use" throughout the article; there are several other terms used in describing problematic use of prescription opioids, including the terms "extramedical use," "misuse," and "abuse." These terms mean different things to different people, and using them interchangeably is inappropriate and confusing.Address reprint requests to Dr. James P. Zacny, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, MC4028, The University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637. E-mail: jzacny@dacc.uchicago.edu. Points of view and opinions expressed by the authors do not necessarily reflect the official position of the National Institute on Drug Abuse. 18,35,45,46,64 Articles such as these will give the reader a snapshot of wh...

show abstract

“…Les données du National Survey on Drug Use andHealth (2002 et 2003) touchant les usages hors prescription des analgésiques (Dowling, Storr et Chilcoat, 2005) indiquent que ce sont surtout les adolescents et les jeunes adultes qui sont les plus enclins à de telles pratiques. Pour le groupe d'âge des 12 à 17 ans, ces pratiques sont très importantes, touchant particulièrement les femmes, les Afro-Américains et les personnes de Usages des médicaments à des fins non médicales faible niveau socioéconomique, mais d'autres facteurs peuvent intervenir comme des attitudes positives envers les drogues, la présence de pairs qui les emploient ou des parents distants, le prédicteur le plus fort restant l'usage d'autres drogues (Sung, Richter, Vaughan, Johnson et Thom, 2005).…”

Section: Le Contrôle De La Douleur Ou La Quête D'états De Conscience unclassified

Usages des médicaments à des fins non médicales chez les adolescents et les jeunes adultes : perspectives empiriques

Lévy

Thoër

2009

dss

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Une recension des travaux portant sur l’utilisation des médicaments à des fins non médicales par les adolescents et les jeunes adultes indique que les pratiques touchant le dopage sportif, l’amélioration des performances, intellectuelles et sexuelles de même que le contrôle des humeurs, le modelage corporel sont en augmentation. Le recours à ces médicaments est souvent associé à la consommation d’autres substances (alcool et drogues) et semble témoigner d’une nouvelle phase dans l’évolution des toxicomanies modernes. Cet ensemble d’études reste néanmoins limité à cause de la prédominance des approches épidémiologiques. Celles-ci contribuent à cerner le profil des utilisateurs, le plus souvent des garçons. La liste des substances employées et leur fréquence d’usage permettent de dégager les facteurs et les déterminants principaux de l’utilisation. Néanmoins, peu d’études adoptent des approches théoriques explicites. De nouvelles pistes de recherche sont ainsi proposées, lesquelles permettraient une évaluation plus précise des conduites et des représentations associées aux pratiques d’abus, de dopage et de détournement des médicaments et de leurs significations.A summary of projects concerning the use of medication for non-medical purposes by adolescents and young adults indicates that practices involving sports doping, improvement of intellectual and sexual performance as well as mood control, and corporal modeling are on the increase. Recourse to these medications is often associated with the consumption of other substances (alcohol and drugs) and appears to indicate a new phase in the development of modern drug addiction. This group of studies nevertheless remains limited due to the predominance of the epidemiological approaches. These contribute to identifying the profile of the users, usually boys. The list of substances employed and the frequency of their use reveal the principal factors and determinants of the use. Nevertheless, few studies adopt explicit theoretical approaches. New paths for research are proposed which would enable a more precise evaluation of the conduct and representations associated with practices of abuse, doping and drug diversion and their significance.Una reseña de los trabajos sobre la utilización de medicamentos con fines no medicinales por parte de los adolescentes y los adultos jóvenes indica que las prácticas referidas al dopaje en el deporte, al mejoramiento de los rendimientos intelectuales y sexuales así como al control del estado de ánimo y al modelado corporal están en aumento. El recurso a estos medicamentos está asociado a menudo al consumo de otras sustancias (alcohol y drogas) y parece indicar una nueva etapa en la evolución de las toxicomanías modernas. Este conjunto de estudios sigue estando sin embargo limitado a causa de la predominancia de los enfoques epidemiológicos, que contribuyen a revelar el perfil de los utilizadores, la mayoría de las veces varones. La lista de sustancias empleadas y la frecuencia de uso permiten poner de manifiesto los factores y los deter...

show abstract

Potential Influences on Initiation and Persistence of Extramedical Prescription Pain Reliever Use in the US Population

Abstract: This study supplies data that can improve our understanding of factors associated with the extramedical use of prescription pain relievers among 2 distinct stages of use.

Cited by 59 publications

References 23 publications

Understanding the patterns and distribution of opioid analgesic dependence symptoms using a latent empirical approach

Understanding the patterns and distribution of opioid analgesic dependence symptoms using a latent empirical approach

Nonmedical Use of Prescription Opioids: Motive and Ubiquity Issues

Usages des médicaments à des fins non médicales chez les adolescents et les jeunes adultes : perspectives empiriques

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About