Potential link between compromised air quality and transmission of the novel corona virus (SARS-CoV-2) in affected areas

Manoj, M. G.; Kumar, M. K. Satheesh; Valsaraj, Kalliat T.; Sivan, C.; Vijayan, Soumya K.

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2020.110001

Cited by 40 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Our data found that PM 2.5 , NO 2 , CO and SO 2 were associated with the number of daily confirmed cases in two main clusters of COVID‐19 infection cases in Korea differently. Results from spatial analyses have consistently shown the rapid spread of COVID‐19 in highly polluted areas of the US, Italy, Spain and China [41]. Different findings in the context of Korea could be explained by the sufficiently lower levels of air pollutants than many other areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short‐term exposure to ambient air pollution in association with COVID‐19 of two clusters in South Korea

Hoang

Nguyen

Tran

2021

Tropical Med Int Health

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Objectives This study aimed to examine the association between six air pollutants and COVID‐19 infection in two main clusters, which accounted for 83% of total confirmed cases in Korea. Methods We collected the data on daily confirmed cases between February 24, 2020 and September 12, 2020. Data on six air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, O3, NO2, CO and SO2) and four meteorological factors (temperature, wind speed, humidity and air pressure) were obtained on seven days prior to the research period. The generalised additive model and the distributed lag nonlinear model were applied to generate the relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations. Pooled estimates for clusters were obtained by applying a random‐effects model. Results We found that NO2 concentration was positively associated with daily confirmed cases in both Seoul‐Gyeonggi and Daegu‐Gyeongbuk clusters, with RRs (95% CIs) of 1.22 (1.03–1.44) and 1.66 (1.25–2.19), respectively. However, SO2 concentration was observed to be associated with daily confirmed cases in the Seoul‐Gyeonggi cluster only (RR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.10–1.54), whereas PM2.5 and CO concentrations were observed to be associated with daily confirmed cases in the Daegu‐Gyeongbuk cluster only (RR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.02–1.27 and RR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.15–1.48, respectively). Conclusions Our data found that NO2 concentration was positively associated with daily confirmed cases in both clusters, whereas the effect of PM2.5, CO and SO2 on COVID‐19 infection in two clusters was different.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short‐term exposure to ambient air pollution in association with COVID‐19 of two clusters in South Korea

Hoang

Nguyen

Tran

2021

Tropical Med Int Health

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“…In addition to humans as the source of ambient aerosol transmission, TSDF (hazardous waste treatment, storage and disposal facilities) and RMP (Risk Management Plan) sites are potential air pollution sources ( Hendryx and Luo, 2020 ; Tung et al, 2021 ). Under certain conditions, ambient aerosols, such as water-borne aerosols, can provide favorable surfaces for the adsorption of organic molecules and viruses, and facilitate higher transmission rate under certain ambient conditions ( Manoj et al, 2020 ). Polluted water can be a source of viruses, and aerosols from this source can carry a variety of viruses, leading to a higher exposure rate for residents living around the contaminated area ( Rocha-Melogno et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Influence Of Ambient Aerosols On the Transmission Of Covid-1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple relationships between aerosol and COVID-19: A framework for global studies

et al. 2021

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COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019) is a severe respiratory syndrome currently causing a human global pandemic. The original virus, along with newer variants, is highly transmissible. Aerosol is a multiphase system consisting of the atmosphere with suspended solid and liquid particles, which can carry toxic and harmful substances; especially the liquid components. The degree to which aerosol can carry the virus and cause COVID-19 disease is of significant research importance. In this study, we have discussed the aerosol transmission as the pathway of SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2), and the aerosol pollution reduction as a consequence of the COVID-19 lockdown. The aerosol transmission routes of the SARS-CoV-2 can be further subdivided into proximal human-exhaled aerosol transmission and potentially more distal ambient aerosol transmission. The human-exhaled aerosol transmission is a direct dispersion of the SARS-CoV-2. The ambient aerosol transmission is an indirect dispersion of the SARS-CoV-2 in which the aerosol act as a carrier to spread the virus. This indirect dispersion can also stimulate the up-regulation of the expression of SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE-2 (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2) and protease TMPRSS2 (Transmembrane Serine Protease 2), thereby increasing the incidence and mortality of COVID-19. From the aerosol quality data around the world, it can be seen that often atmospheric pollution has significantly decreased due to factors such as the reduction of traffic, industry, cooking and coal-burning emissions during the COVID-19 lockdown. The airborne transmission potential of SARS-CoV-2, the infectivity of the virus in ambient aerosols, and the reduction of aerosol pollution levels due to the lockdowns are crucial research subjects.

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“…Some studies suggested a possible relation of virus outbreak with high levels of environmental air pollution (Barcelo, 2020;Bashir et al, 2020;Copat et al, 2020;Filippini et al, 2020;Li et al, 2020;Ogen, 2020;Pequeno et al, 2020;Setti et al, 2020b;Tsatsakis et al, 2020;Wu et al, 2020;Zhu et al, 2020). Putative mechanisms included enhanced susceptibility to respiratory viral infections through damage and inflammation of lung cells, immune dysregulation, and hyperactivation of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (Chen et al, 2010;Comunian et al, 2020;Conticini et al, 2020;Peng et al, 2020), upregulation of viral receptor ACE-2 (Borro et al, 2020;Tung et al, 2020), or air pathogen transportation by particulate matter suitable as virus carrier (Comunian et al, 2020;Manoj et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between mortality from COVID-19 in two Italian regions and outdoor air pollution as assessed through tropospheric nitrogen dioxide

Filippini

Rothman

Cocchio

et al. 2021

Science of The Total Environment

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After the appearance of COVID-19 in China last December 2019, Italy was the first European country to be severely affected by the outbreak. The first diagnosis in Italy was on February 20, 2020, followed by the establishment of a light and a tight lockdown on February 23 and on March 8, 2020, respectively. The virus spread rapidly, particularly in the North of the country in the ‘Padan Plain’ area, known as one of the most polluted regions in Europe. Air pollution has been recently hypothesized to enhance the clinical severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection, acting through adverse effects on immunity, induction of respiratory and other chronic disease, upregulation of viral receptor ACE-2, and possible pathogen transportation as a virus carrier. We investigated the association between air pollution and subsequent COVID-19 mortality rates within two Italian regions (Veneto and Emilia-Romagna). We estimated ground-level nitrogen dioxide through its tropospheric levels using data available from the Sentinel satellites of the European Space Agency Copernicus program before the lockdown. We then examined COVID-19 mortality rates in relation to the nitrogen dioxide levels at three 14-day lag points after the lockdown, namely March 8, 22 and April 5. Using a multivariable negative binomial regression model, we found an association between nitrogen dioxide and COVID-19 mortality. Although ecological data provide only weak evidence, these findings indicate an association between air pollution levels and COVID-19 severity.

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Potential link between compromised air quality and transmission of the novel corona virus (SARS-CoV-2) in affected areas

Cited by 40 publications

References 35 publications

Short‐term exposure to ambient air pollution in association with COVID‐19 of two clusters in South Korea

Short‐term exposure to ambient air pollution in association with COVID‐19 of two clusters in South Korea

Multiple relationships between aerosol and COVID-19: A framework for global studies

Associations between mortality from COVID-19 in two Italian regions and outdoor air pollution as assessed through tropospheric nitrogen dioxide

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