Potential Mediators of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Adolescents With Comorbid Major Depression and Conduct Disorder.

Kaufman, Noah K.; Rohde, Paul; Seeley, John R.; Clarke, Gregory N.; Stice, Eric

doi:10.1037/0022-006x.73.1.38

Cited by 131 publications

(99 citation statements)

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“…Only one of these studies examined whether change in behavioral processes (eg, involvement in pleasant activities) was a significant mediator of depression outcome. Results did not support behavioral mediation; however, measurement of the behavioral constructs was not ideal [32].…”

Section: Cognitive Restructuringmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…In four separate investigations, youths who participated in CBT showed significant and specific changes in their self-reported negative cognitive styles in comparison to youths in the control conditions [29][30][31][32]. In three of these studies, changes in some cognitive measures statistically ''mediated'' change in depressive symptoms [30][31][32], although only one of these studies measured cognitions before symptoms [30]. Logically, to demonstrate a causal role for cognitive mechanisms, change in cognition should temporally precede change in symptoms and account for substantial variability in symptom outcome [10].…”

Section: Cognitive Restructuringmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression in Youth

Weersing

Brent

2006

Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America

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Section: Cognitive Restructuringmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Cognitive Restructuringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression in Youth

Weersing

Brent

2006

Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America

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“…However, such changes were not found to mediate treatment effects, nor were changes in cognition. One other study has emerged testing mediators of treatment (Kaufman, Rohde, Seeley, Clarke, & Stice, 2005) since that time, but this study exclusively assessed cognitive and behavioral mediators, rather than family factors.…”

Section: Moderators and Mediators Of Treatment Outcomementioning

confidence: 99%

Youth Depression in the Family Context: Familial Risk Factors and Models of Treatment

Sander

McCarty

2005

Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev

182

127

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Research on parent risk factors, family environment, and familial involvement in the treatment of depression in children and adolescents is integrated, providing an update to prior reviews on the topic. First, the psychosocial parent and family factors associated with youth depression are examined. The literature indicates that a broad array of parent and family factors is associated with youth risk for depression, ranging from parental pathology to parental cognitive style to family emotional climate. Next, treatment approaches for youth depression that have been empirically tested are described and then summarized in terms of their level of parent inclusion, including cognitivebehavioral therapy, interpersonal therapy, and family systems approaches. Families have mostly not been incorporated into clinical treatment research with depressed adolescents, with only 32% of treatments including parents in treatment in any capacity. Nonetheless, the overall effectiveness of treatments that involve children and adolescents exclusively is very similar to that of treatments that include parents as agents or facilitators of change. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications of these findings and directions for further research. Keywordsdepression; adolescence; childhood; treatment; parent factors; family risk factors Developmentally, youth are known to have close ties to their families of origin (Diamond, Siqueland, & Diamond, 2003;Steinberg, 2005). As a result, there is a general belief in the field of psychology that it is important to include parents and families in the treatment of depressed youth (Clark, Beck, & Alford, 1999;Curry, 2001) however, empirical guidelines for how to do so are lacking. Consensus about the need for, and how to measure the effects of, parental involvement in treatment is elusive (Goodman & Gotlib, 1999). Still, achieving a better understanding of the multidimensional nature of risks for depression and how parent involvement in treatment relates to those risks are the priorities for the area of youth depression.Recently, a national group of experts was called to summarize and prioritize the state of research on risk and treatment for youth depression. Specifically, the National Institutes of Mental Health (NIMH) invited a workgroup of leaders in the field of depression to clarify the state of information about the risks for and treatment of depression, and to make recommendations on where the field needs to focus research endeavors (Costello et al., 2002). Regarding risks for depression, the workgroup recommended further research into both family environment and genetics. As summarized by Costello and the NIMH workgroup, multiple pathways to depression are evident. The workgroup emphasized the multidimensional NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript nature of depression, along with the paucity of research into the early pathways and interactions that cause depression. Although research has not identified all of the parent or family ...

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“…This instrument was developed and has been validated as a measure of negative cognitions that are thought to either co-occur with/or predispose one to depressive episodes. This instrument can be administered relatively easily to adolescents as a self-report instrument and has demonstrated reliability and validity in this population [4,[30][31][32], With regard to self-efficacy, we employed the scale developed by Pearlin for self-administration with a simple Likert scale (1=strongly agree to 4=strongly disagree; higher scores indicates lower self-efficacy) [31]. Items in each category were obtained from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (ADD HEALTH), in which these items correlated with future risk of depressive disorder [33].…”

Section: Study Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%