Potential Molecular Mechanisms of Plantain in the Treatment of Gout and Hyperuricemia Based on Network Pharmacology

Abstract

Background. The incidence of gout and hyperuricemia is increasing year by year in the world. Plantain is a traditional natural medicine commonly used in the treatment of gout and hyperuricemia, but the molecular mechanism of its active compounds is still unclear. Based on network pharmacology, this article predicts the targets and pathways of effective components of plantain for gout and hyperuricemia and provides effective reference for clinical medication. Method. Traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform (TCMSP) and SymMap databases were used to screen out the active compounds and their targets in plantain. GeneCards, Therapeutic Target Database (TTD), and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) databases were used to find the targets corresponding to gout and hyperuricemia. Venn diagram was used to obtain the intersection targets of plantain and diseases. The interaction network of the plantain active compounds-targets-pathways-diseases was constructed by using Cytoscape 3.7.2 software. Finally, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were carried out. Result. Seven active compounds were identified by network pharmacological analysis, including dinatin, baicalein, baicalin, sitosterol, 6-OH-luteolin, stigmasterol, and luteolin. Plantain plays a role in gout and hyperuricemia diseases by regulating various biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions. The core targets of plantain for treating gout are MAPK1, RELA, TNF, NFKBIA, and IFNG, and the key pathways are pathways in cancer, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) signaling pathway, interleukin (IL)-17 signaling pathway, Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis), and relaxin signaling pathway. The core targets of plantain for hyperuricemia are RELA, MAPK1, NFKBIA, CASP3, CASP8, and TNF, and the main pathways are pathways in cancer, apoptosis, hepatitis B, IL-17 signaling pathway, and toxoplasmosis. Conclusion. This study explored the related targets and mechanisms of plantain for the treatment of gout and hyperuricemia from the perspective of network pharmacological analysis, reflecting the characteristics of multiple components, multiple targets, and multiple pathways, and it provides a good theoretical basis for the clinical application of plantain.

Lipidomics study of the therapeutic mechanism of Plantaginis Semen in potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemia rat

“…URAT1 is a key target for the treatment of HUA, and the metabolism of UA in kidney is completed by glomerular filtration, proximal tubule absorption and secretion, and mainly depends on the uric acid transporter to achieve [ 15 ]. The activation of PI3K/Akt pathway releases TNF-α, which plays an important role in inflammation caused by HUA [ 59 ]. Different doses of Plantaginis Semen all significantly inhibited the mRNA expression of URAT1 in the renal tissue of HUA rats and high dose of Plantaginis Semen possesses inhibitory activity of PI3K/Akt pathway.…”

Comparative Effects of Luteolin and Quercetin on Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Cells

“…Most people, especially those with a healthy diet and no neurological disorders, can benefit from increasing the amount of foods that contain natural luteolin and other polyphenols. Since dietary supplements containing luteolin are available on the market, mainly because it is expected to be effective for gout [26,27], this study suggests that people suffering from increased body fat or obesity may also benefit from dietary supplements containing luteolin.…”

Combining Network Pharmacology with Experimental Validation to Elucidate the Mechanism of Salvianolic Acid B in Treating Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy

“…To collect the targets of Sal B and DPN, we screened the human gene database (Gene Cards: https://www.genecards.org ) and the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man database (OMIM: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim ). Gene Cards and OMIM databases are considered comprehensive, authoritative compendiums of human genes and genetic phenotypes, which are widely used in analyzing drug components and disease-related targets [ 27 , 28 ]. “Salvianolic acid B” and “Diabetic peripheral neuropathy” were the keywords.…”