Potential of a virtual reality environment based on very-high-resolution satellite imagery for structural geology measurements of lava flows

A submarine morphotectonic analysis combining GIS-based methods and virtual reality: Case study of the low-rate active thrust faulting off Boumerdès (Algeria)

“…On land, remote sensing techniques provide since long the possibility to capture the small scale topographic roughness thanks to DEMs of high spatial resolution, thus encouraging the use of new tools such as VR for virtual geological exploration of the morphology and a quality control on structural measurements (e.g., Nesbit et al, 2020;Jaud et al, 2022). Until now, such virtual explorations are rarely performed under the sea because data resolution is often too low and because free tools available to explore the richness of datasets by VR techniques (beyond the seafloor morphology alone) are yet limited (e.g., Métois et al, 2021;Billant et al, 2019, and references therein).…”

“…In this paper, we seek to review the existing potential imprints of recent and active cumulative deformation, both at the seafloor and in structures at depth of the central Algerian margin (Algiers-Boumerdès region, Figure 1), using a combination of classic Geographical Information System (GIS) and Virtual Reality (VR) methods. Indeed, several recent studies have evidenced the potential of an immersive VR experience to improve geological analyses of outcrops on land or at sea without temporal or spatial limitations and in a more interactive way, either for research or for geo-education purposes (e.g., Billant et al, 2019;Bonali et al, 2022;Jaud et al, 2022). Our aims are: 1) to clarify the debate on the Boumerdès fault outcrop at the seafloor, 2) to reveal the potential of VR applied to the visualization of submarine structures at the landscape scale in order to highlight the possible role of geometrical changes of thrust faults in the surface expression of tectonics, and 3) to discuss the consistency of strain indicators in this peculiar case of slow-rate inversion of a Cenozoic passive margin.…”

A Survey on Virtual Reality over Wireless Networks: Fundamentals, QoE, Enabling Technologies, Research Trends and Open Issues

“…Moreover, on board mobile sensors including cameras and light detection and ranging (LIDAR) radars have gained UAV and satellites much popularity for remote monitoring of objects, infrastructures and events [208], [209]. Thus, they are powerful technologies for acquiring the images, videos and context information of various objects and places, especially difficult to access as well as remote sites including space objects, structures, archaeological sites, mountains, forests, waterfalls, volcanoes and caves, which can be integrated to create both off-line and real-time VR contents [14], [203], [210]- [212]. Integration of IoT with UAV further enhances the potential for using in VR video creations [203].…”