Potential of Biochar from Wood Gasification to Retain Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals

Abstract

In this study, a biochar obtained from poplar wood gasification at a temperature of 850 °C was used to adsorb the xenoestrogens 4-tert-octylphenol (OP) and bisphenol A (BPA) and the herbicide metribuzin from water. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDX) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were employed to investigate the surface micromorphology and functional groups composition of biochar, respectively. The study of sorption kinetics showed that all compounds achieved the steady state in less than 2 h, according to a pseudo-second order model, which denoted the formation of strong bonds (chemisorption) between biochar and the compounds. Adsorption isotherms data were described by the Henry, Freundlich, Langmuir and Temkin equations. At temperatures of 10 and 30 °C, the equilibrium data of the compounds were generally better described by the Freundlich model, although, in some cases, high correlation coefficients (r ≥ 0.98) were obtained for more than one model. Freundlich constants, KF, for OP, BPA and metribuzin were, respectively, 218, 138 and 4 L g−1 at 10 °C and 295, 243 and 225 L g−1 at 30 °C, indicating a general increase of adsorption at higher temperature. Desorption of all compounds, especially OP and BPA, from biochar was slow and very scarce, denoting an irreversible and hysteretic process. Comparing the results of this study with those reported in the literature, we can conclude that the present biochar has a surprising ability to retain organic compounds almost permanently, thus behaving as an excellent low-cost biosorbent.

Innovative Pathways for the Valorization of Biomass Gasification Char: A Systematic Review

“…The char was characterized by 74.5 and 8.8 %, carbon and ash content. The authors reported a very rapid sorption with a prominent role of hydrophobicity in the sorption process [65].…”

“…The authors report a high q m of 520 mg g −1 that was attributed to the structural modification of char resulting in a material similar to graphite and with an improved adsorption performance [59]. Carnimeo et al explored the potential of poplar wood GC for the adsorption of xenoestrogens 4-tert-octylphenol and bisphenol A and the herbicide metribuzin from water [65]. The char was characterized by 74.5 and 8.8 %, carbon and ash content.…”