Potential of Carbon Footprint Reduction within Retailers: Food Waste at Walmart in Mexico

Case study research of green life cycle model for the evaluation and reduction of scope 3 emissions in food supply chains

“…After setting the SMART goals, suppliers are advised to report their progress annually. They can do so by either completing CDP supply chain survey or sharing it with Walmart or by using state‐of‐the‐art PGT calculator that enables suppliers to calculate and report their direct and indirect emissions and find the greenhouse gas impact of their initiatives (Carpio‐Aguilar et al, 2019). The PGT calculator is designed to evaluate emission reductions in all of the project pillars and data can be recorded for different green initiatives to find out the reduction in CO 2 eq (Kuiti et al, 2020).…”

“…IBM wrote the personalised smart contract called chain code which is the set of rules that a transaction or new data entry should abide by. Suppliers were then asked to use new labels and barcodes and upload their data through the latest Hyperledger fabric integrated interface, which reduced the tracing time and enhanced Walmart's capabilities in reducing supply chain hotspots (Carpio‐Aguilar et al, 2019).…”

“…Surveys can help in identifying the land used and targets to optimise the land use can be set through PGT. Agriculture pillar of PGT helps in calculating minimum land requirements for each crop type (Bai & Sarkis, 2019;Carpio-Aguilar et al, 2019;Consortium, 2020) 4 Supply chain traceability, at farm…”

“…I G U R E 5 Weightage of different impact categories [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] T A B L E 3 Identified hotspots, their position and impact breakdown Hotspot no. Hotspot type and position Impact breakdown References 1 Plant cultivation methods, at farm Land and resource use, electricity, heat and gas use, and irrigation methods Castellani et al (2017), Roy et al (2009), Noya et al (2018) 2 Fertiliser application, at farm Acidification of soil, ecotoxicity, trapped nitrogen and phosphorus in soil Van Holderbeke et al (2004), Camanzi et al (2017) 3 Land use and transformation, at farm Area occupied and nutritional value of land Roy et al (2009), Castellani et al at packaging Type of material used for packaging (polyethylene or cardboard) and their emission profile, that is, recycled or nonrecycled Ingrao et al (2015), Notarnicola et al (2017) 8 Fuel combustion, at transport Electric, semi-electric or non-electric vehicles used, and distance transported Ingrao et al (2015), Noya et al Alignment of identified hotspots with science-based methods for improved environmental performance Cultivation practices can be recorded through THESIS survey including the water usage, and PGT can help in improving the cultivation methods by providing farming alternatives and access to low emission agricultural techniques(Carpio-Aguilar et al, 2019; Hub, 2021;Searcy et al, 2017;Walmart, …”

Sustainable Development in the Agri-Food Sector in Terms of the Carbon Footprint: A Review

“…Alternative methods that fit into the zero waste policy included improving food management, returning products with a close expiry date to food banks, and biogas production (about 56% of waste). It has been estimated that alternative waste management has reduced greenhouse gas emissions by approximately 135,301 Mt CO 2 , which corresponds to annual emissions from the use of 28,484 passenger cars [77].…”