Potential of fluoridated carbamide peroxide gels to support post-bleaching enamel re-hardening

Attin, Thomas; Betke, Herbert; Schippan, Fabienne; Wiegand, Annette

doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2007.06.005

Cited by 72 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Especially those studies applying fluoridated dentifrices to the bleached enamel surface mimic the usual clinical situation closely, since the use of fluoride dentifrices is nowadays widely spread. Also, fluoridated carbamide peroxide bleaching gels were able to reduce microhardness loss and accelerated microhardness recovery in the posttreatment phase to a better extent than unfluoridated gels [24]. This might be due to the fact that fluoride containing carbamide peroxide bleaching gels induce fluoride acquisition of enamel [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Influence of study design on the impact of bleaching agents on dental enamel microhardness: A review

et al. 2009

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OBJECTIVE: Numerous studies investigated the impact of bleaching procedures on enamel microhardness. The outcomes of these studies reveal inconsistencies regarding the fact whether a microhardness reduction due to bleaching occurs or not. Aim of the present review was to summarize the existing literature of external bleaching therapies, which used microhardness tests for evaluation of possible effects on enamel and to weigh up different parameters of the study designs with respect to the outcome of these studies. METHODS: The data from original scientific full papers listed in PubMed or ISI Web of Science (search term: enamel and (bleaching or peroxide) and (hardness or microhardness or Knoop or Vickers)) and received by additional hand-search meeting the inclusion criteria were included in the review. Influences of different parameters on the outcome of the bleaching treatments were analyzed with the Fisher's-exact-test. RESULTS: A total of 55 studies were identified with 166 hardness measurements conducted directly after bleaching and 69 measurements performed after a post-treatment episode. Directly after bleaching, 84 (51%) treatments showed microhardness reduction compared to baseline, whereas 82 (49%) did not yield microhardness reduction. After the post-treatment episode, 20 (29%) treatments showed hardness reduction and 49 (71%) did not. A significant higher number of bleaching treatments resulting in enamel microhardness reduction were observed, when artificial instead of human saliva was used for storage of the enamel samples in the intervals between the bleaching applications and when no fluoridation measures were applied during or after the bleaching phase. SIGNIFICANCE: The review shows that in those studies, which simulated the intraoral conditions as closely as possible, the risk of enamel microhardness decrease due to bleaching treatments seems to be reduced. Nevertheless more in situ-and in vivo-studies are needed to verify this observation. 1Influence of study design on the impact of bleaching agents on dental enamel Conclusion: The review shows that in those studies, which simulated the intraoral conditions as closely as possible, the risk of enamel microhardness decrease due to bleaching treatments seems to be reduced. Nevertheless more in-situ-and in-vivo-studies are needed to verify this observation.3

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Influence of study design on the impact of bleaching agents on dental enamel microhardness: A review

et al. 2009

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“…In addition, according to some studies, bleaching with these gels does not increase enamel susceptibility to caries or acidic erosion or increase the odds of demineralization. [21][22][23][24] However, some studies have reported significant increases in enamel surface roughness subsequent to the use of bleaching agents. 8,9 Some of the complications of applying bleaching agents in tooth hard tissues are changes in tooth chemical structure, demineralization and decreases in the mineral content including calcium and phosphate, 14,25,26 decreases in the fluoride content of enamel, 11 and changes in the micromorphology of enamel.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Delaying Toothbrushing During Bleaching on Enamel Surface Roughness: An In Vitro Study

Navimipour

Mohammadi

Mostafazadeh

et al. 2013

Operative Dentistry

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SUMMARY This study aimed to evaluate the effect of toothbrushing on enamel surface roughness at three different intervals after daily bleaching treatment. Eighty enamel slabs were initially evaluated for surface roughness and then randomly divided into four groups. The bleaching procedure was carried out for 21 days, six hours daily. In the control group (group 1), the specimens were not brushed after bleaching, but in groups 2–4, they were brushed with toothpaste immediately, one hour, or two hours after bleaching, respectively. Then the specimens were stored in artificial saliva. Enamel surface roughness was reevaluated at the end of the period. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests showed statistically significant differences in the means of surface roughness values between the immediately brushed group and the three other groups (p<0.001). Daily toothbrushing immediately after bleaching increased enamel surface roughness; however, postponing the procedure for one or two hours after daily bleaching and exposing the specimens to artificial saliva during the study period resulted in enamel surface roughness comparable to that of the control group.

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“…Some authors reported significant alterations in bleached enamel microhardness, [7][8][9][19][20] but, in other studies, the alterations were not significant. 3,10 In the current study, the 35% hydrogen peroxide bleaching treatment significantly reduced the enamel surface and subsurface microhardness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7 In addition, the attempt to reduce the demineralization of bleached enamel has been successfully accomplished by means of adding fluorides to bleaching agents. [23][24] A fluoridated bleaching gel can also reduce the time needed for bleached enamel hardness to recover, compared with unfluoridated gel 20 by means of the fluoridated hydroxyapatite and calcium fluoride formation, which are favorable to the remineralization process of the tooth surface. 25 In the current study, the addition of fluoride to the bleaching gel significantly enhanced the microhardness of the enamel compared to the bleaching group.…”

Section: 21-22mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Potentially Remineralizing Agents on Bleached Enamel Microhardness

Borges¹,

Samezima²,

Fonseca³

et al. 2009

Operative Dentistry

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SUMMARYThis study investigated the effect of the addition of calcium and fluoride into a 35% hydrogen peroxide gel on enamel surface and subsurface microhardness. Twenty extracted human third molars were sectioned to obtain enamel fragments and they were divided into four groups (n=20) according to the bleaching treatment. Group 1 received no bleaching procedure (control). Group 2 was treated with a 35% hydrogen peroxide gel (Total Bleach), Groups 3 and 4 were bleached with Total Bleach modified by the addition of sodium fluoride and calcium chloride, respectively. The microhardness of the enamel surface was assessed using a Vickers microdurometer immediately after the bleaching treatment. The specimens were sectioned in the central portion, polished and evaluated to determine the microhardness of the enamel subsurface to a depth of 125 µm, with an interval of 25 µm between measures. There were significant differences among the groups. In terms of surface microhardness, the bleached group exhibited the lowest means, and the calcium-modified bleached group exhibited the highest means. Regarding subsurface microhardness, there were no significant differences among the groups for the depth and interaction factors. The bleached group exhibited the lowest means, and the calcium-modified bleached group presented the highest means. It was concluded that the bleaching treatment with 35% hydrogen peroxide significantly reduced the surface and subsurface microhardness of the enamel, and the addition of Clinical RelevanceDentists should be aware of the enamel demineralization potential of 35% hydrogen peroxide. The addition of fluoride and calcium can enhance remineralization of surface and subsurface bleached enamel.fluoride and calcium in the bleaching agent increased the microhardness means of the bleached enamel.

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Potential of fluoridated carbamide peroxide gels to support post-bleaching enamel re-hardening

Cited by 72 publications

References 20 publications

Influence of study design on the impact of bleaching agents on dental enamel microhardness: A review

Influence of study design on the impact of bleaching agents on dental enamel microhardness: A review

Effect of Delaying Toothbrushing During Bleaching on Enamel Surface Roughness: An In Vitro Study

Influence of Potentially Remineralizing Agents on Bleached Enamel Microhardness

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