Potential of graphene-based nanomaterials for cardiac tissue engineering

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases are the primary cause of death worldwide. Despite significant advances in pharmacological treatments and surgical interventions to restore heart function after myocardial infarction, it could progress to heart...

Chiral nanomaterials in tissue engineering

“…[180][181][182] By mimicking the features of the native ECM and activating biological processes associated with nanoscale interactions, nanomaterial-based strategies may enable the controlled regulation of cellular behaviour and interactions that macroscopically lead to improved tissue regeneration. [183][184][185][186][187] However, there are still difficulties in creating hierarchically structured or complex tissues, replicating whole organ functions, accurately directing cell behaviour, and recreating a native environment to direct tissue differentiation or function. 188,189 Chiral nanomaterials, with their unique ability to modulate enantiospecific cell behaviour may be the key to addressing these unresolved challenges in tissue engineering.…”

Emergence of graphene as a novel nanomaterial for cardiovascular applications

“…The native myocardium has a Young's modulus and tensile strength ranging from 0.2-0.5 MPa and 3-15 kPa, respectively. [33][34][35] Studies suggest that GBMs with their mechanical features could serve as promising materials for reinforcing scaffolds in cardiovascular systems. The unique honeycomb structure of G, with carbon atoms arranged in sp 2 hybrid form, contributes to its exceptional mechanical properties, including a Young's modulus, fracture strength, and elastic modulus in the range of 1 TPa, 130 GPa, and 32 GPa, respectively.…”

“…45 The conductivity of the tissue is approximately 5 × 10 −5 S cm −1 across and 1.6 × 10 −3 S cm −1 along the tissue. 33,46 Any disruption in the cell signaling pathway can lead to alterations in ion-channel activities, resulting in heart dysfunctions. 47,48 To address issues related to disrupted cell signaling pathways, electroconductive materials have emerged as a novel approach for use in cardiovascular applications.…”

“…57,58 While combining GBMs with other antibacterial agents has shown potential to enhance antibacterial activities, research on the antibacterial properties of GBMs for cardiovascular applications is relatively limited. 33,59 Furthermore, GBMs demonstrate antioxidant properties due to their sp2 hybridization structures. 60 In the context of myocardial infarction (MI), where levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and proinflammatory cytokines increase in the injured area, the use of antioxidant agents such as GBMs can effectively reduce the excess ROS, thereby decreasing myocardial and vascular cell death and promoting the healing and remodeling processes.…”

Protein/Protein and Quantum Dot/Protein Organization in Sequential Monolayer Materials Studied Using Resonance Energy Transfer

“…Combining nanoparticles and proteins results in new nanomaterials with multiple possible applications [1][2][3][4]. The way of junction building may define the future function, as it influences the protein-nanoparticle interaction routes.…”