Potential of
            <i>Aedes albopictus</i>
            and
            <i>Aedes aegypti</i>
            (Diptera: Culicidae) to transmit yellow fever virus in urban areas in Central Africa

Kamgang, Basile; Vazeille, Marie; Yougang, Aurélie P.; Tedjou, Armel N.; Wilson-Bahun, Theodel A.; Mousson, Laurence; Wondji, Charles S.; Failloux, Anna‐Bella

doi:10.1080/22221751.2019.1688097

Cited by 35 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…aegypti and Ae. albopictus from Brazzaville, are able to ensure yellow fever virus [35], dengue virus [37], Zika virus [36] transmission. To clearly establish the epidemiological importance of each Aedes species in the Republic of the Congo, additional experiments including feeding behaviour patterns, covering additional locations, and spanning several seasons are needed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Larval ecology and infestation indices of two major arbovirus vectors, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae), in Brazzaville, the capital city of the Republic of the Congo

et al. 2020

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Background Invasive mosquito species, such as Aedes albopictus in Congo can affect the distribution of native species, changing the vector composition and pattern of disease transmission. Here, we comparatively establish the geographical distribution and larval habitat preference of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus and the risk of arbovirus disease outbreaks using Stegomyia indices in the city of Brazzaville, the capital of the Republic of the Congo. Methods Human dwelling surveys of water-holding containers for immature stages of Aedes was carried out in December 2017 in Brazzaville through a random cluster sampling method. A total of 268 human dwellings distributed in 9 boroughs and 27 neighbourhoods were surveyed across the city. Results Overall, 455 potential larval habitats were surveyed. Both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus were collected across the city with an overall high prevalence of Ae. aegypti (53.1%) compared to Ae. albopictus (46.9%). Geographical distribution analysis showed that Ae. aegypti was more abundant (mean = 6.6 ± 1.4) in neighbourhoods located in downtown, while the abundance of Ae. albopictus was low (mean = 3.5 ± 0.6) in suburbs. Peridomestic containers, especially discarded tanks, were the most strongly colonized productive larval habitat for both mosquito species with the prevalence of 56.4% and 53.1% for Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus, respectively. Globally, the house index (HI), Breteau index (BI) and container index (CI) were high for Ae. aegypti (26.6%, 38.4% and 22.6%) and Ae. albopictus (33.3%, 49.6% and 26.6%) compared to the transmission risk threshold (5%, 5% and 20%) established by the WHO/PAHO. Overall, pupae-based indices (the pupae index and the pupae per person index) were not significantly different between Ae. aegypti (273.4% and 23.2%) and Ae. albopictus (228.8% and 19.5%). Conclusions The findings of this study suggest a high risk for transmission of arbovirus diseases in Brazzaville and call for an urgent need to implement vector control strategies against these vectors in the Republic of the Congo.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…aegypti and Ae. albopictus collected in Brazzaville are able to transmit yellow fever virus [35], Zika virus [36], and dengue virus [37]. As there is no efficient vaccine (apart from yellow fever) and specific treatment against these diseases, vector control remains the cornerstone to prevent outbreaks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Larval ecology and infestation indices of two major arbovirus vectors, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae), in Brazzaville, the capital city of the Republic of the Congo

et al. 2020

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“…It was also demonstrated that local Ae. aegypti populations are able to transmit dengue [ 11 ], Zika [ 12 ] and yellow fever [ 13 ] viruses in different urban settings in Cameroon. Prevention of large outbreaks caused by these virus relies on control of Aedes vectors based on destruction of breeding sites and insecticide-based interventions such as treatment of breeding sites with larvicides, insecticide-treated nets [ 14 ] and space spraying of adulticides in emergency situations [ 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First detection of F1534C knockdown resistance mutation in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) from Cameroon

et al. 2020

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Background Aedes borne viral diseases, notably dengue, are increasingly reported in Cameroon with Aedes aegypti being a major vector. Data on insecticide resistance of this vector and underlying mechanisms needed for outbreak preparedness remain scarce in Cameroon. Here, we present the nationwide distribution of insecticide resistance in Ae. aegypti and investigate the potential resistance mechanisms involved. Methods Immature stages of Ae. aegypti were collected between March and July 2017 in 13 locations across Cameroon and reared until G1/G2/G3 generation. Larval, adult bioassays, and piperonyl butoxide (PBO) synergist assays were carried out according to World Health Organization guidelines. F1534C mutation was genotyped using allele specific polymerase chain reaction in field collected adults (Go) and the polymorphism of the sodium channel gene was assessed. The χ2 test was used to compare the mortality rate between bioassays with insecticides only and bioassays after preexposure to PBO synergist. Results Larval bioassay revealed that all the three populations tested with temephos were susceptible. Adult bioassays showed a good level of susceptibility toward both pyrethroids tested, 0.25% permethrin and 0.05% deltamethrin, with six out of 10 populations susceptible. However, two populations (Douala and Edéa) were resistant (deltamethrin [73.2–92.5% mortality], permethrin [2.6–76.3% mortality]). The resistance to 4% dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane was observed in four out of 10 populations tested (16.8–87.1% mortality). Resistance was also reported to carbamates including 0.1% propoxur (60.8–87.1% mortality) and to 0.1% bendiocarb (82.9% mortality). All populations tested were fully susceptible to 1% fenitrothion. A partial recovery of susceptibility was observed in the pyrethroid resistant population of Douala after pre-exposed to PBO suggesting the implication of cytochrome P450 monoxygenases permethrin resistance. Genotyping and sequencing detected the F1534C kdr mutation in the two pyrethroid resistant locations of Edéa and Douala, with allelic frequency of 3.3% and 33.3% respectively. However, the high genetic diversity of the sodium channel gene supports the recent introduction of this mutation in Cameroon. Conclusions This study revealed the contrasting resistance profiles to insecticides of Ae. aegypti populations in Cameroon suggesting that, instead of a unique nationwide control approach, a regionally adapted strategy will be needed to control this vector. The localised distribution of the F1534C kdr mutation supports this region-specific control strategy.

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“…After egg hatching, around 200 larvae were distributed per pan containing one liter of dechlorinated water and yeast tablets as food. Larvae were reared until the adult stage in controlled conditions 54 . OF1 mice for feeding mosquitoes were between 6-week and 2-month-old, maintained in an animal facility under standard conditions (23 °C and 14:10 light/dark cycle) at Institut Pasteur.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…aegypti populations from the Asia-Pacific region compared to mosquitoes from YFV-endemic regions in Africa, we included mosquito populations from Cameroon (Benoué, Douala, and Yaoundé) and Congo (Brazzaville) to our dataset; African Ae. aegypti analyzed were partly processed in the previous publication of Kamgang et al 54 .…”

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Risk of yellow fever virus transmission in the Asia-Pacific region

et al. 2020

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Historically endemic to Sub-Saharan Africa and South America, yellow fever is absent from the Asia-Pacific region. Yellow fever virus (YFV) is mainly transmitted by the anthropophilic Aedes mosquitoes whose distribution encompasses a large belt of tropical and sub tropical regions. Increasing exchanges between Africa and Asia have caused imported YFV incidents in non-endemic areas, which are threatening Asia with a new viral emergence. Here, using experimental infections of field-collected mosquitoes, we show that Asian-Pacific Aedes mosquitoes are competent vectors for YFV. We observe that Aedes aegypti populations from Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, and New Caledonia are capable of transmitting YFV 14 days after oral infections, with a number of viral particles excreted from saliva reaching up to 23,000 viral particles. These findings represent the most comprehensive assessment of vector competence and show that Ae. aegypti mosquitoes from the Asia-Pacific region are highly competent to YFV, corroborating that vector populations are seemingly not a brake to the emergence of yellow fever in the region.

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Potential of Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) to transmit yellow fever virus in urban areas in Central Africa

Cited by 35 publications

References 20 publications

Larval ecology and infestation indices of two major arbovirus vectors, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae), in Brazzaville, the capital city of the Republic of the Congo

Larval ecology and infestation indices of two major arbovirus vectors, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae), in Brazzaville, the capital city of the Republic of the Congo

First detection of F1534C knockdown resistance mutation in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) from Cameroon

Risk of yellow fever virus transmission in the Asia-Pacific region

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