Potential of marine sponge-derived fungi in the aquaculture system

Abstract

Abstract. Bahry MS, Radjasa OK, Trianto A. 2021. Potential of marine sponge-derived fungi in the aquaculture system. Biodiversitas 22: 2883-2892. Organic waste from aquaculture is one of the triggers of disease outbreaks and a decrease in water quality that urgently needs to be resolved. Indonesia has a high diversity of sponges including their associated microorganisms that potential in the field of biotechnology. This study aimed to determine the enzymatic and anti-vibrio activity of fungi associated with marine sponges and identify potential fungi. The specimen of sponges was collected from Samalona Island, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The enzymatic and anti-vibrio assay was conducted by using the plug method and the activity was determined by a clear zone around the fungal isolates. Fungal identification was carried out molecularly using universal primers ITS1 and ITS4 and phylogenetic tree analysis. The fungal isolates were screened for the extracellular enzyme activity (amylase, cellulase, protease) and anti-vibrio activity against Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. harveyi, and V. vulnificus). A total of three fungal isolates have been isolated from the sponge Monanchora sp. Isolate SL 3 SP 3.3 had potential enzymatic activities with Enzymatic Indeks (EI) 3.95±0.17 on amylase, 3.75±0.36 on cellulase, 5.38±0.30 on protease. The highest anti-vibrio activity was obtained against V. harveyi with an inhibition zone diameter of 4.82 ±0.37 mm. The results of fungal identification showed that isolate SL3SP3.3 had a sequence length of 638 bp and was closely related to Trichoderma reesei a.k.a Hypocrea jecorina with a similarity value of 99.69%.

Indonesian marine and its medicinal contribution

“…[ 122 , 126 ], Penicillium citrinum [ 118 ], Penicillium oligosporum [ 125 ], Diaporthe stewartii [ 118 ], Diaporthe spp. [ 126 ], Fusarium equiseti [ 118 ], Trichoderma reesei [ 118 , 132 ], Trichoderma viride [ 118 ], Colletothrichum spp. [ 126 ], Hypocrea sp., Pestalotiopsis theae, P. microspora [ 118 ], Gymnoascus udagawae [ 119 ], Microdochium sp.…”

Molecular Identification and Biotechnological Potential of Cerithidea cingulata-and Lottia scabra Associated Fungi as Extracellular Enzyme Producer and Anti-Vibriosis Agent

“…The presence of a clear zone around the fungal disk colony indicated by the notation (+) in Table 3 indicates the occurrence of hydrolysis in the test media indicating the development of enzyme production while the area where the enzyme develops is called the hydrolysis zone (Kamath et al, 2010;Bahry et al, 2021). Protease enzyme production itself is obtained from fungi that utilize nitrogen sources from proteins for their development by using different sources (peptone, tripton, casein, and yeast extracts) (Ahmed, 2018).…”

“…The presence of this extracellular protease enzyme is essential for microbial such us fungal and bacterial life because it provides for the need for nitrogen compounds that can be transported into cells. These types of fungi that have the ability to secrete protease enzymes have great potential to be used as a source of aquaculture probiotics, especially in shrimp farming (Bahry et al, 2021;Ooi et al, 2021). Likupang's restored mangroves are abandoned shrimp ponds rich in protein and cellulose from shrimp residues, and uneaten feed.…”