Potential of microwave scanning for determining density and tension strength of four European hardwood species

Weidenhiller, Andreas; Linsenmann, Peter; Lux, Christian; Brüchert, Franka

doi:10.1007/s00107-019-01387-x

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The statistical parameters of the tensile strength and static MOE parallel to the grain are summarised in Table 1 for The results of previous tensile testing campaigns on European beech boards are summarised in Table 2. The tensile strengths were between 4.3 and 142 MPa (Blaß et al, 2005;Ehrhart, 2019;Frühwald and Schickhofer, 2005;Glos and Lederer, 2000;Plos et al, 2018;and Weidenhiller et al, 2019). Since only flat sawn boards free of knots were investigated in this study, the variation of results is significantly lower.…”

Section: Test Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The potential of using the board density (ρ) and the dynamic modulus of elasticity (E dyn ) as grading parameters for the tensile strength parallel to the grain (f t,0 ) of beech boards was investigated in several studies (Glos and Lederer, 2000;Frühwald, et al, 2003;, Frühwald and Schickhofer, 2005;Plos et al, 2018;Weidenhiller et al, 2019;Ehrhart, 2019). The reported coefficients of determination between the density and the tensile strength parallel to the grain, i.e.…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predicting the strength of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) boards using image-based local fibre direction data

et al. 2021

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Image-based local fibre direction data, generated based on the analysis of the medullary spindle pattern, was used to improve the prediction of the tensile strength parallel to the grain of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) boards. An approach to characterise the local fibre orientations in a board using a single numerical grading parameter was further developed. This parameter was used, in combination with the dynamic modulus of elasticity, to develop a regression model providing very good predictions of the experimentally determined tensile strength parallel to the grain (R 2 = 0.84). Subsequently, machinelearning techniques were used to improve the strength model. Non-destructive and destructive tests were performed on (N =) 47 boards. A data (sub-) set (n = 36) was used to train different machine learning techniques (Support-Vector Machines, Decision Tree, Random Forest, and Artificial Neural Network) using a 6-k cross-validation approach. The generalisation ability of the models was then assessed by a holdout dataset (n = 11). The results showed that all machine-learning models presented good prediction accuracy (R 2 up to 0.88 and MAPE below 8%). The Support-Vector machine and Random Forest methods showed the best performance. The combination of experimental methods with machine learning allows for a more precise strength grading of timber and, thus, can contribute to a more resource-efficient use of wood and may open new and more demanding fields for high-level timber applications in structures.

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Section: Test Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting the strength of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) boards using image-based local fibre direction data

et al. 2021

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“…Okai et al (2004) and Aicher et al (2018) conducted strength experiments on hardwood lumber of several species. In addition, the feasibility of microwave scanning for grading of hardwood species was confirmed (Weidenhiller et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Evaluation of the tensile strength of Korean yellow poplar lumber

Kim,

Song,

Shim

2024

BioRes

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This study was conducted to confirm the feasibility of using yellow poplar, which is a fast-growing hardwood species in Korea, as a structural material. Lumber was produced, and the mechanical grading and the knot diameter ratio on the wide surface measurement were performed for each grade of lumber. It was confirmed that the majority mechanical grades of yellow poplar were E10, E11, and E12, and the size of knot in the surface increased as the mechanical grades decreased. A fitted distribution of tensile strength of the lumbers was the Weibull distribution. As a result of calculating the tensile allowable stress using the 5th percentile value calculated by the Weibull distribution and the non-parametric method according to the mechanical grade, all the experimental values were higher than the minimum allowable stresses presented in the Korean industrial standards. However, for the low grades, there was no significant difference from the standard values. This was thought to be due to the large size of knots in low-grade lumber. It was expected that the prospect of using yellow poplar structural member will be higher if additional research is conducted on the restriction of knot size according to the mechanical grade.

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“…Research on emerging grading methods has been investigated for improvement of the efficient use of lumber (Kline et al 2003;Thomas 2017). Weidenhiller et al (2019) confirmed the feasibility of using microwaves as a method to evaluate the strength and density of hardwood as well as softwood. Green (1997) applied MSR to grading hardwood, and Faust et al (1990) reported that it is necessary to compare and investigate the relationship between strength and stiffness when applying MSR to hardwood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Allowable bending properties of machine-graded Korean yellow poplar lumber

Song,

Shim,

Lee

et al. 2024

BioRes

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This study was conducted to investigate the feasibility of using yellow poplar as a structural member by determining allowable bending properties. Full-size lumber was classified by machine grading and the knot diameter ratio on the wide surface of lumber. The majority of machine grades of yellow poplar lumber with a cross-section of 38 × 89 mm2 were E8, E9, and E10. It was confirmed that the size of the knot diameter ratio tended to be smaller for higher machine grades. In the lowest grade, E8, of most machine grades, the allowable bending strength was lower than the corresponding design value in Korean standards. Application of 0.5 knot diameter ratio to the E8 grade lumber increased the bending strength to 3 MPa of the allowable value to suit the design value. All the allowable modulus of elasticities values of the majority of machine grades were higher than the design values. From the results of this study, it was expected that Korean yellow poplar could be utilized for structural bending members.

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Potential of microwave scanning for determining density and tension strength of four European hardwood species

Cited by 5 publications

References 24 publications

Predicting the strength of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) boards using image-based local fibre direction data

Predicting the strength of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) boards using image-based local fibre direction data

Evaluation of the tensile strength of Korean yellow poplar lumber

Allowable bending properties of machine-graded Korean yellow poplar lumber

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