Potential of shrimp waste meal and insect exuviae as sustainable sources of chitin for fish feeds

Rimoldi, Simona; Ceccotti, Chiara; Brambilla, Fabio; Faccenda, Filippo; Antonini, Micaela; Terova, Genciana

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2023.739256

Cited by 19 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…At the genus level, the PM20 and PM25 fish showed an enrichment of Vibrio and Photobacterium genera in their gut, which are normally considered potential pathogens for fish. Similarly, in a previous study, we found an increase in the genus Photobacterium in the gut microbiota of trout fed a diet containing 20% head shrimp meal, another chitin-rich ingredient [27]. However, it is also true that this genus includes several chitinase-producing bacterial species [55,56].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…The partial replacement of FM with at least 10% insect meal had an important effect in modulating the transient gut microbial communities by increasing both butyrate-producing bacteria and beneficial lactic acid bacteria [34,35,[52][53][54]. Similarly, the ingestion of H. illucens exuviae meal led to an enrichment of the gut microbiota with the families Bacillaceae, Staphylococcaceae, Paenibacillaceae, and Brevibacteriaceae in seabass and rainbow trout [27,52]. Unlike previous studies, the proportion of insect or exuviae meal utilized in the present study was not sufficient to promote the proliferation of beneficial bacteria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In the present study, the highest amount of propionate and butyrate was found in the gut of seabass fed with exuviae meal. Accordingly, trout fed with pupal exuviae meal had the highest content of SCFAs, especially butyrate, in their feces [27]. Butyrate is well known to have anti-inflammatory properties and to promote fish intestinal health, barrier function, and mucosal immunity in fish.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the combination of BSF and PBM restored the gut microbiota of fish negatively affected by a plant-based diet by improving the richness of bacterial species and abundance of beneficial bacteria [25,26]. This prebiotic effect is principally due to chitin, the indigestible polysaccharide that makes up the exoskeleton of insects [22,27]. The addition of insect meal usually increases the amount of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and the genus Bacillus, which are commonly used as probiotics in aquaculture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Replacement of Fish Meal with Poultry By-Product Meal and Insect Exuviae: Effects on Growth Performance, Gut Health and Microbiota of the European Seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax

Rimoldi,

Di Rosa,

Armone

et al. 2024

Microorganisms

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This study addressed the urgent need for sustainable protein sources in aquaculture due to the depletion of marine resources and rising costs. Animal protein sources, particularly poultry by-product meal (PBM) and insect exuviae meal, were investigated as viable alternatives to fishmeal (FM). The research study confirmed the successful replacement of FM with a combination of PBM and insect exuviae meal (up to 50%) in the diet of European seabass without compromising growth, feed conversion, gut health, and liver fat content. In particular, growth was robust with both PBM formulations, with the 25% PBM diet showing better results. Histological examinations showed good gut and liver health, contradicting the concerns of previous studies. This paper emphasizes the importance of holistic analyzes that go beyond growth parameters and include histomorphological investigations. The results show that PBM in combination with insect/exuviae meal is well tolerated by seabass, which is consistent with reports in the literature of it mitigating negative effects on gut health. A detailed analysis of the microbiota revealed a decrease in the Firmicutes/Proteobacteria ratio due to an increase in potentially pathogenic bacteria. However, the formulation containing insect exuviae partially counteracted this effect by preserving the beneficial Lactobacillus and promoting the synthesis of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), particularly butyrate. Chitin-rich components from insect exuviae were associated with improved gut health, which was supported by the increased production of SCFAs, which are known for their anti-inflammatory properties. This paper concludes that a combination of PBM and insect/exuviae meal can replace up to 50% of FM in the diet of seabass, supporting sustainable aquaculture practices. Despite some changes in the microbiota, the negative effects are mitigated by the addition of insect exuviae, highlighting their potential as a prebiotic to increase fish productivity and contribute to a circular economy in aquaculture.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Replacement of Fish Meal with Poultry By-Product Meal and Insect Exuviae: Effects on Growth Performance, Gut Health and Microbiota of the European Seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax

Rimoldi,

Di Rosa,

Armone

et al. 2024

Microorganisms

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“…This suggests that the gut microbial community is not responsible for the degradation of chitin that would be introduced into the gut system as shrimp exoskeletons. This contrasts with the results which found that rainbow trout being fed chitinaceous insect exuviae had gut microbiomes that were enriched in chitinolytic bacterial genera; however, these results were based on predictive metagenomes based solely on 16S rRNA gene amplicons (Rimoldi et al 2023). Exochitinase production has been observed in various fish species being fed insect diets, although the source of these enzymes (host versus gut microbiome) was not specified (German et al, 2010; Eggink et al, 2022).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 71%

Comparative metagenomics of tropical reef fishes show conserved core gut functions across hosts and diets with diet-related functional gene enrichments

Wu,

Harris,

Kalis

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Fish gut microbial communities are important for the breakdown and energy harvesting of the host diet. Microbes within the fish gut are selected by environmental and evolutionary factors. To understand how fish gut microbial communities are shaped by diet, three tropical fish species (hawkfish, Paracirrhites arcatus; yellow tang, Zebrasoma flavescens; and triggerfish, Rhinecanthus aculeatus) were fed piscivorous (fish meal pellets), herbivorous (seaweed), and invertivorous (shrimp) diets, respectively. From fecal samples, a total of 43 metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs) were recovered from all fish diet treatments. Each host-diet treatment harbored distinct microbial communities based on taxonomy, with Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, and Firmicutes being the most represented. Based on their metagenomes, microbial communities from all three host-diet treatments demonstrated a baseline ability to degrade proteinaceous, fatty acid, and simple carbohydrate inputs and carry out central carbon metabolism, lactate and formate fermentation, acetogenesis, nitrate respiration, and B vitamin synthesis. The herbivorous yellow tang harbored a more functionally diverse microbial community with some complex polysaccharide degradation specialists, while the piscivorous hawkfish's gut community was more specialized for the degradation of proteins. The invertivorous triggerfish's gut microbiome lacked many carbohydrate degrading capabilities, resulting in a more specialized, functionally uniform community. Across all treatments, several MAGs were able to participate in only individual steps of the degradation of complex polysaccharides, suggestive of microbial community networks that degrade complex inputs. These data suggest the existence of a functional core microbiome that is common among fish species, although the specific taxonomic identities of the associated bacteria may differ.

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The impact of diets containing Hermetia illucens meal on the growth, intestinal health, and microbiota of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)

Rimoldi,

Di Rosa,

Oteri

et al. 2024

Fish Physiol Biochem

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The present study investigated the effect of replacing fishmeal (FM) with insect meal of Hermetia illucens (HI) in the diet of Sparus aurata farmed inshore on growth, gut health, and microbiota composition. Two isolipidic (18% as fed) and isoproteic (42% as fed) diets were tested at the farm scale: a control diet without HI meal and an experimental diet with 11% HI meal replacing FM. At the end of the 25-week feeding trial, final body weight, specific growth rate, feed conversion rate, and hepatosomatic index were not affected by the diet. Gross morphology of the gastrointestinal tract and the liver was unchanged and showed no obvious signs of inflammation. High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons (MiSeq platform, Illumina) used to characterize the gut microbial community profile showed that Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, and Firmicutes were the dominant phyla of the gut microbiota of gilthead seabream, regardless of diet. Dietary inclusion of HI meal altered the gut microbiota by significantly decreasing the abundance of Cetobacterium and increasing the relative abundance of the Oceanobacillus and Paenibacillus genera. Our results clearly indicate that the inclusion of HI meal as an alternative animal protein source positively affects the gut microbiota of seabream by increasing the abundance of beneficial genera, thereby improving gut health and maintaining growth performance of S. aurata from coastal farms.

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Potential of shrimp waste meal and insect exuviae as sustainable sources of chitin for fish feeds

Cited by 19 publications

References 72 publications

The Replacement of Fish Meal with Poultry By-Product Meal and Insect Exuviae: Effects on Growth Performance, Gut Health and Microbiota of the European Seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax

The Replacement of Fish Meal with Poultry By-Product Meal and Insect Exuviae: Effects on Growth Performance, Gut Health and Microbiota of the European Seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax

Comparative metagenomics of tropical reef fishes show conserved core gut functions across hosts and diets with diet-related functional gene enrichments

The impact of diets containing Hermetia illucens meal on the growth, intestinal health, and microbiota of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)

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