Potential of Silver Nano Particles Synthesized from <i>Ficus sycomorus</i> <i>Linn</i> Against Multidrug Resistant <i>Shigella species</i> Isolated from Clinical Specimens

Abstract

Ficus sycomorus Plant was known traditionally for its medicinal properties, Shigella species as a bacterial was also known for their resistance to orthodox medicine. Hence the synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Ficus sycomorus. This study was carried out to investigate the anti-shigellosis potential of silver nanoparticles synthesized from Ficus sycomorus Linn stem bark aqueous extract against Multi-drug Resistant (MDR) Shigella species isolated from clinical specimen collected from patients attending Yobe State Specialist Hospital Damaturu, Nigeria. A total of 400 diarrhoeagenic stools were screened for isolation of Shigella species and determined their antibiotic susceptibility pattern using standard methods. Phytochemical constituents of Ficus sycomorus extract were used to synthesize silver nanoparticles using green synthesis approach. The nanoparticles was analyzed for transmittance, functional groups, sizes and shapes using Uv-vis, FTIR and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and was tested for antibacterial activities on MDR Shigella isolates. There is no significant difference in Shigella recovery relation to patients gender (P<0.05). The age group, 0-10 years were more susceptible, 40% (36), followed by >30 years (21). Shigella were also found to be sensitive to Ciprofloxacin (92%), Augmentin (87%), Cefuroxime (85%), Streptomycin (83.5%) while the most frequent resistance was showcased against Nalidixic Acid (48%), and Tetracycline (27%). Phytochemicals detected include saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, cardiac glycoside and tannin. Uv-vis showed broad peaks around 460nm, the FTIR showed C-H stretch of hydroxyl group of alkanes and the SEM showed nanoparticles with wide range of shapes and sizes. Anti-Shigella activities of silver nanoparticles is higher at zones of inhibition between 10mm and 30mm higher compared to the activities of crude aqueous extract and AgNO 3 solution against the MDR Shigella species which showed an enhanced activities. The high prevalence of shigellosis among children in this study, indicated that improved hygiene is needed for children in the area and detailed examination is required for the treatment of diarrhoea in adults. Ciprofloxacin and Amoxicillin Clavulanate, Nalidixic acid could be used only where culture and sensitivity results prevailed. Enhanced traditional medicine should be given priority because of its potentials. This study have demonstrated feasibility of the green synthesis of F. sycomorus as a potent antishigellosis to combat the global burden of the disease. This is the first study On Stem bark aqueous extracts of F. sycomorus against shigella species in the area.

Study of the Effectiveness of Nano Pumpkin Peel Extract as an Antioxidant

“…The results showed that the spectra of the methanolic extract of pumpkin peels revealed the presence of different functional groups, as well as FTIR analysis, such as the phenolic group, the C-H stretch, the N-H stretch, the C-C stretch, in addition to the C-N stretch. The peaks that fall within the range of 4000 to 3200 cm -1 , as well as the range of 2935.66 cm -1 , indicate O-H stretching and C-H stretching, respectively [29], which confirms the presence of carboxylic acids, primary amines, and alkanes [33]. As for the absorption peak 1595.13 cm -1 is the (N-H) stretch that confirms carbonyl groups [34], the peak of 1406.11 cm -1 indicates the C-C stretch that confirms the presence of aromatic compounds and the symmetrical N-O stretch that indicates the presence of nitro compounds [35], showing the appearance The peaks at 1105.21 and 1076.28 cm -1 are due to (OH) and (C-H, C-O), respectively [36].…”

Phenotypic Characterization of Virulence Factors in Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella typhi Serovars Isolated from Clinical Specimens in Bauchi Metropolis

“…Carbohydrate [mannitol, maltose, dulcitol, sucrose and glucose] was inoculated with drop of the nutrient broth suspension of the test isolate and loosely capped and incubated at 37ºC overnight. They were observed for change in colour from amber to red and for gas production (in the medium filled inverted Durham tube)" [14].…”

Antifungal Potential of silver nanoparticles from Acacia nilotica Pod against Dermatophytes

“…After the preparation of the nanoparticles, the suspension of nanoparticles in distilled water was used for SEM analysis by fabricating a drop of suspension onto a clean carbon-coated corer grid and allowing water to completely evaporate. The dried sample was then mounted with the aid of a sample holder 15,16 . An Enlarged SEM image was observed 5 .…”

“…3(b). The colour change to light brown has been attributed to plasmons resonance formation on the surface of the molecules and oscillation of metal nanoparticles conduction electrons 16 .…”