Potential of some plant extracts in controlling wheat leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks.

Abstract

Plant extracts are among the biological control agents that directly affect the plant pathogens and can induce resistance in plants against phytopathogens (Mishra and Raja 1999). Recently, plant extracts have gained considerable attention as alternative options to synthetic fungicides and efforts have been made to utilize these extracts in the control strategies against plant diseases (Srivasata et al. 2011; Elsharkawy and El-Sawy 2015). It has been previously proven that plant extracts are effective control agents L EAF rust, caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks., is among the most common wheat rust diseases in Egypt causing major losses in the grain yield. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of water and 80%-methanol extracts prepared from seven different plants (henna, blue gum, acalypha, chinaberry, pomegranate, basil, and lantana) in controlling the leaf-rust disease of wheat. In an in vitro experiment, all methanol extracts inhibited the germination of the fungus spores by more than 98%, while water extracts were less effective. The methanol extracts of henna, lantana, acalypha, chinaberry, and pomegranate exhibited a 100%-inhibition of spore germination. In addition, no significant differences were recorded between the methanol extracts of these five plants and the synthetic fungicide Fungshou. In a filed experiment, wheat plants were one-and two-time sprayed with henna, lantana, acalypha, chinaberry, and pomegranate water or methanol extracts. The results revealed that all plant extracts not only decreased the disease severity of the leaf rust, but also enhanced the grain yield components including spike weight, the 1000-kernel weight, and the test weight. Furthermore, the two-time spray application was more effective than the one-time spray. Our study indicated that water and methanol extracts of henna, lantana, acalypha, chinaberry, and pomegranate might be utilized for the control of wheat leaf-rust disease as a safe and environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic fungicides.

Management of Charcoal Rot (Macrophomina phaseolina) Infection in Geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L) Using Biocontrol Agents and Essential Oils

“…The suggested strategy used in this case may by the production of siderophores leading to iron starvation which affect pathogen growth. Previous studies have demonstrated that Trichoderma species can be used as a biocontrol agent in controlling a number of plant diseases with high efficacy (Kucuk and Kivanc 2003;Omara et al 2017Omara et al , 2018Elkhwaga et al 2018). Also, the light microscope image illustrates the possible mechanism used by the Trichoderma to inhibit fungal growth where the affected pathogen mycelia appeared empty from cytoplasm and its component in addition to loss of septation, so it is likely that the mechanism involved in this case is related to the hydrolytic enzymes.…”

“…The potential of these oils can be related to the activity of many ingredients such as phenols, thymol and carvacrol. Several studies (Carmo et al 2008;Gallucci et al 2014;Fayaz et al 2017;Shabana et al 2017;Elkhwaga et al 2018) considered phenol compounds as the most effective ingredient with the highest antifungal activity among all terpene compounds of essential oils. The suggested mechanism is that monoterpene alcohols disrupt the permeability of the fungal plasma membrane and inhibit the respiration process on mitochondrial membrane (Cox et al 2000;Deba et al 2008).…”

“…Also, plant extracts are among the biological control agents that directly affect the plant pathogens and can induce resistance in plants against phytopathogens (Mishra and Raja 1999). Recently, plant extracts have gained considerable attention as alternative options to synthetic fungicides and efforts have been made to utilize these extracts in the control strategies against plant diseases (Elsharkawy and El-Sawy 2015;Elkhwaga et al 2018).…”

Effect of Some Methods for Controlling Weeds and Wilt Diseases on the Productivity of Geranium Plants

“…Also, Abdallah et al (2019) found that marjoram essential oil controlled wilt cumin disease. Essential oils can be related to the activity of many components such as phenols, thymol and carvacrol (Carmo et al, 2008;Gallucci et al, 2014;Fayaz et al, 2017;Shabana et al, 2017 andElkhwaga et al, 2018). The suggested mechanism is that monoterpene alcohols disrupt the permeability of the fungal plasma membrane and inhibit the respiration process on mitochondrial membrane (Cox et al, 2000 andDeba et al, 2008).…”

Phytochemicals as alternative fungicides for controlling plant diseases: A comprehensive review of their efficacy, commercial representatives, advantages, challenges for adoption, and possible solutions

“… In an in vivo experiment (greenhouse assay), all plant extracts decreased the disease severity of wheat leaf rust. [ 44 ] Olea europaea (leaves) Capsicum annuum (fruits) Seed borne fungi (sorghum grains disease) Aqueous extract obtained by maceration of O. europaea leaf and C. annuum fruit were found effective in reducing incidence of seed-borne fungi. [ 45 ] Eucalyptus globulus (leaves) Calotropis procera (leaves) Melia azedarach (leaves) Datura stramonium (leaves) Acalypha indica (leaves) Alternaria alternata Rhizopus spp.…”