Potential of Temperature, Controlled Atmospheres, and Ozone Fumigation to Control Thrips and Mealybugs on Ornamental Plants for Export

Abstract

Ozone (O3) fumigation is a potential quarantine treatment alternative for controlling stored-product pests and surface insect pests on fresh agricultural commodities. We explored the effects of temperature, treatment time, controlled atmospheres, and vacuum in combination with O3 to control two important pests of ornamental crops: western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), and longtailed mealybug, Pseudococcus longispinus Targioni Tozzetti. Treatment parameters tested were O3 concentrations from 0 to 3,800 ppm, treatment durations were from 30 to 120 min, vacuums were from 0 to 0.41 bar below ambient, temperatures were from 32.2 to 40.6 degrees C, and controlled atmospheres were composed primarily of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, or breathing air [BA]. Treatment efficacy was enhanced by higher O3 concentration and temperature, lower oxygen, and longer treatment times. Reduced pressure was not an important factor. Mealybugs were more difficult to kill than thrips. A 30-min treatment of O3 at approximately 200 ppm in 100% CO2 at 37.8 degrees C killed 47.9 and 98.0% of mealybugs and adult female thrips, respectively. All of the ornamentals tested were damaged to some degree by O3 treatments. However, crops with thick leaves such as orchids exhibited little damage, and the waxy portions of certain flowers were not damaged. The results suggest that O3 has potential as a quarantine treatment to control thrips and mealybugs on selected commodities.

Current Trends in Quarantine Entomology

“…Controlled atmosphere quarantine treatments involve raising the level of CO 2 and lowering the level of O 2 in combination with heat or cold to reduce the duration of the lethal treatment and help maintain commodity quality (16,98,100). Other physical treatments such as ozone (61,75), microwave (65) and radiofrequency heating (94,126,134), hyberbaric pressure (14), and vacuum (82) are not currently in use but may have TRENDS IN QUARANTINE ENTOMOLOGY 361 application for certain commodities in the future. Fumigation is the most common type of insect disinfestation treatment, but owing to concerns about the potential effects of fumigants to the environment and human health, physical treatments are expected to replace many of their uses in the future.…”

Optimizing Metabolic Stress Disinfection and Disinfestation Components to Control <I>Pseudococcus longispinus</I>

“…However, high CO 2 treatments are limited to high CO 2 -tolerant commodities (Navarro and Calderon 1974, Friedlander and Navarro 1979, Soderstrom et al 1991, Locatelli and Daolio 1993, Agnello et al 2002. In addition, high CO 2 has been shown to increase the efÞcacy of other insecticides, such as ozone and propylene oxide (Navarro et al 2004, Hollingsworth andArmstrong 2005).…”

Control Efficacy of Controlled Atmosphere and Temperature Treatment System Against the Hawthorn Spider Mite, Tetranychus viennensis

“…방사선 조사는 해충의 DNA의 화학결합을 붕괴 시킴으로 소독효과를 발휘하게 한다. 기타 물리적 처리법으로 는 오존처리 (Hollingsworth and Armstrong, 2005;Kells et al, 2001), 마이크로파처리 (Ikediala et al, 1999), 라디오주파 열처 리 (Nelson, 1996;Tang et al, 2000;Wang et al, 2002), 고압산 소처리 (Butz and Tauscher, 1995) 및 진공처리 (Liu, 2003) (Neven and Mitcham, 1996). CATTS 기술에 의해 수확 후 소독 처리가 입증된 해충은 코드린나방 (Cydia pomonella), 복숭아순나방(Grapholita molesta), 자두바…”