Potential of the solid-state fermentation of tomato by products by Fusarium solani pisi for enzymatic extraction of lycopene

Characterization, Drying and Sorption Isotherms of Tunisian Tomato- Experimental and Mathematical Investigation

“…which is an essential micronutrient for humans and it can reduce the risk of hypertension which made her a significant source of this important mineral [35]. The obtained chemical and mineral compositions of fresh tomatoes are in the same order of obtained values by an anterior work for tomatoes by-product [36]. Table 2: Tested models for sorption isotherms fitting.…”

Food Wastes as Valuable Sources of Bioactive Molecules

“…When enzymatic method is used, the tomato by-products are pretreated by crude enzyme extracts with pectinolytic, cellulolytic and cutinolytic activities prior to their conventional solvent extraction. The results showed an enhancement in the extraction of lycopene from tomato by-products (2.7 mg/100 g) and also a higher overall antioxidant activity for the enzymatic extract (even higher than that of BHA) compared to the one obtained by conventional ethanol extraction [16].…”

“…The development of new extraction methods as well as the optimisation of existing ones, in order to increase, for example, the extraction yield or the selectivity for a certain compound, or to improve the production of a natural bioactive compound from a waste, has seen a real upsurge in the last decade [16]. Nevertheless, there is no universal extraction…”

“…Mild-acidic protein extraction with adsorptive removal of phenolic compounds [38] Fruits and vegetables Tomato pomace and skin Enzymatic-assisted extraction/solvent extraction [16] Potato peels and tubers Pressurized liquid extractor [39] Solvent extraction (stirring) [40] Ultrasound extraction [41] Orange peels Nanofiltration [42] Forest fruits pomaces Supercritical fluid extraction [43] Apple pomace Ultrasound extraction [44] Grape seeds Supercritical fluid extraction [45] Carotenoids Fruits and vegetables Tomato pomace and skin Enzymatic-assisted extraction [16] Citrus technique for the bioactive compounds. When an extraction technique is chosen, several criteria have to be considered, such as waste composition, aggregation state, homogeneity, and so on.…”

“…The solid by-products resulted from its processing into food products such as tomato juice, paste, puree, ketchup and sauce reaching up to 50,000 tons per year [16]. Their exploitation as a source of carotenoids (mainly lycopene) may provide economic benefits.…”