Potential of Typha latifolia L. for phytofiltration of iron-contaminated waters in laboratory-scale constructed microcosm conditions

Abstract

The present study gave a preliminary report on the phytofiltration of iron-contaminated waters and aggravation of iron uptake by copper supplementation using Typha latifolia L. in constructed microcosms. During the experiment, Fe concentrations reduced up to 1.67 ± 0.076 mg L−1 (94.43% removal efficiency) and 0.087 ± 0.013 mg L−1 (97.10% removal efficiency) by 14th day from the initial concentrations of 30 mg L−1 in the microcosm setups. Iron accumulation in the plant tissues was 2425.65 ± 41.01 mg kg−1 (Fe with Cu) compared with 1446.00 ± 36.01 mg kg−1 (without Cu), revealing that Cu addition in the microcosm setup magnifies Fe accumulation and removal. Thus, the results signify that constructed wetlands (CW) can serve as the low-cost, ecofriendly alternative for wastewater treatment.

Understanding the Phytoremediation Mechanisms of Potentially Toxic Elements: A Proteomic Overview of Recent Advances

“…Phytofiltration or Rhizofiltration involves the adsorption of PTEs via the root. It is a process most seen in aquatic plants ( Meitei and Prasad, 2021 ). In rhizofiltration, plant roots are used to absorb and adsorb pollutants, mainly metals, from contaminated soils and aqueous waste streams.…”

“…It is the removal of pollutants from metal-polluted soil/waters by precipitation, absorption, and accumulation into plant biomass ( Mahajan and Kaushal, 2018 ). Phytofiltration is essential because it prevents toxic elements transmission to different environmental components, including underground water ( da Conceição Gomes et al, 2016 ; Meitei and Prasad, 2021 ). However, phytofiltration is also demonstrated by terrestrial species, where metals are remediated with microbial bio-filter aid in the rhizosphere region ( Wei et al, 2020 ).…”

Systematic Review of the Efficiency of Aquatic Plants in the Wastewater Treatment

“…Currently, treatment is applied by artificial wetlands to reduce contaminants by rhizofiltration thus forming part of a phytotransformation system [13] [25]. The main desirable characteristics of aquatic plants are Morphological and physiological adaptations for development in different aquatic environments, leaves with morphological modifications, and special structures that allow them the ability to float on the surface of the water [4] [26]. However, these aquatic plants have characteristics that contribute to the advantages and disadvantages for treatment as shown in table 3, generally, the floating leaves are oval and succulent while the submerged leaves are branched and filamentous, these plants are large, showy, and brightly coloured or they can also be tiny and modified to survive in an aquatic environment with pollination [27] [28].…”

“…The researchers Mohammed and Mustafa tell us that Eichhornia Crassipes is an aquatic weed that performs an effective removal of nitrates and nitrites up to 93% in this way the free nutrients of the wastewater eliminate the pollutants once the interaction with the plant from the root has taken place, especially metallic pollutants such as ammonia, lead, zinc and cadmium, with results after 2 days, which makes it doubly effective [33][31] [34]. Eichhornia Crassipes known as water hyacinth or water lily, from the Pontederiaceae family, is considered as an invasive plant in the world by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), however, it does not live at temperatures lower than 0°C and the type of reproduction is vegetative through stolons, although it can also be obtained through seeds, but with a low germination rate [4] [35] [26]. The rapid growth, ease of collection, and high productivity of E. c. make it one of the most favourable plants for phytoremediation of wastewater, and its accumulation and high tolerance to metals make its use common in industrial wastewater [36][2] [37].…”

Valorization of Fibrous Plant-Based Food Waste as Biosorbents for Remediation of Heavy Metals from Wastewater—A Review

“…Several technologies have been employed for eliminating heavy metals from wastewater, contaminated aquatic media, and industrial effluents over the last three decades, including chemical precipitation [ 26 ], solvent extraction [ 27 ], coagulation–flocculation [ 28 ], advanced oxidation [ 29 ], membrane filtration [ 30 ], reverse osmosis [ 31 ], ion exchange [ 26 ], ozonation [ 32 ], photocatalysis [ 33 ], adsorption [ 34 , 35 ], biosorption/bioaccumulation [ 36 ], bioleaching [ 37 ], phytoextraction using hydroponic systems coupled with bioremediation [ 38 ], phytofiltration [ 39 ], electroremediation [ 34 ], etc. However, there is no single best method to provide adequate treatment, as each treatment has its own distinct benefits and shortcomings, not only in terms of cost but also in terms of consistency, efficacy, practicability, viability, and operational difficulties ( Table 2 ) as well as environmental impact [ 40 ].…”