Potential of Urban Mine

Nakamura, Takashi; Halada, Kohmei

doi:10.1007/978-4-431-55075-4_2

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The anthropogenic stock of gold, silver, lead, and zinc is higher than the known natural deposits, while the anthropogenic stock of copper and iron is equal to known natural deposits Johansson et al, 2013;Krook and Baas, 2013;Cossu and Williams, 2015;Nakamura and Halada, 2015;Zhang et al, 2017).…”

Section: Understanding Global and Urban Metabolism Of Canddw And Weee...mentioning

confidence: 87%

Toward circular and socially just urban mining in global societies and cities: Present state and future perspectives

Ghisellini

Ncube

Casazza

et al. 2022

Front. Sustain. Cities

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This study evaluates the perspectives of urban mining in the framework of the circular economy (CE) and starts with a brief analysis of the size of global and urban metabolism and the role that plays materials and waste streams such as construction and demolition waste (C&DW) and waste from electronic and electrical equipment (WEEE). These can be considered as temporary stocks or deposits to be mined in the future, thus shedding light on the concept of recycling potential, end-of-life functional recycling, and material concentration. The recycling potential could be very variable as in the case of metals. The average concentration of some metals (e.g., gold) in WEEE shows that it is higher per ton of electronic product compared to the amount in mining ores. This explains the importance of the concept of urban mining in the circular economy (CE) transition, given that the CE concept was born to address the challenges of high resources consumption rates and worsening environmental problems. The urban mining phenomenon becomes timely and extremely important for cities as they are relevant hubs of materials and energy consumption and source of environmental and social impacts in external areas due to mining and extraction activities. This study points to the need for creating and establishing strong synergies between the concept of CE and urban mining and the role of cities as innovators in finding circular solutions by incorporating more socially just urban mining activities to improve urban resource management, land use, and local and global wellbeing.

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Section: Understanding Global and Urban Metabolism Of Canddw And Weee...mentioning

confidence: 87%

Toward circular and socially just urban mining in global societies and cities: Present state and future perspectives

Ghisellini

Ncube

Casazza

et al. 2022

Front. Sustain. Cities

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show abstract

“…Years after Jacobs, in 1988, Japanese professor Randolph Nanjo noted that the grade of the metals used in products accumulated in the anthroposphere exceeded the grade of natural deposits. He referred to the area of accumulated materials on the Earth's surface as "urban mines" [17]. Mining, which in its traditional sense refers to the extraction of minerals from natural deposits in the Earth's crust, was used to refer to the process of anthropogenic resources utilization and exploitation.…”

Section: Urban Miningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A substantial portion of it is now waste [12]. The anthropogenic stock of gold, silver, lead, and zinc exceeds the known natural deposits, while the anthropogenic stock of copper and iron is equal to known natural deposits [13][14][15][16][17]. Moreover, half of the extracted amounts of copper and iron are no longer in use [18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mining the Built Environment: Telling the Story of Urban Mining

Fahid

Dombi

2021

Buildings

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Materials are continuously accumulating in the human-built environment since massive amounts of materials are required for building, developing, and maintaining cities. At the end of their life cycles, these materials are considered valuable sources of secondary materials. The increasing construction and demolition waste released from aging stock each year make up the heaviest, most voluminous waste outflow, presenting challenges and opportunities. These material stocks should be utilized and exploited since the reuse and recycling of construction materials would positively impact the natural environment and resource efficiency, leading to sustainable cities within a grander scheme of a circular economy. The exploitation of material stock is known as urban mining. In order to make these materials accessible for future mining, material quantities need to be estimated and extrapolated to regional levels. This demanding task requires a vast knowledge of the existing building stock, which can only be obtained through labor-intensive, time-consuming methodologies or new technologies, such as building information modeling (BIM), geographic information systems (GISs), artificial intelligence (AI), and machine learning. This review paper gives a general overview of the literature body and tracks the evolution of this research field.

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“…7 Today, the amount of many metals and minerals bound within the built environment has already outgrown their respective naturally occurring reserves. 8 By some estimates, existing buildings account for as much as 90% of all materials ever extracted, 9 hastening calls for the development of technologies and strategies for circular resource utilization. Additionally, as global and local actors seek to address climate concerns the implicit value associated with embodied carbon, labor, knowledge and water can impact material valuation going forward.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RhinoCircular: Development and Testing of a Circularity Indicator Tool for Application in Early Design Phases and Architectural Education

Heisel¹,

Becker²

2020

2020 AIA/ACSA Intersections Research Conference: CARBON

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RhinoCircular is a CAD plugin developed within the Circular Construction Lab (CCL) at Cornell University that assesses a building design’s environmental impact in respect to its embodied carbon values and circularity: the degree to which design solutions minimize extraction and waste in favor of reusable, recyclable and renewable material resources. Over their full life cycle, current buildings account for 39% of carbon dioxide emissions [1] and more than 50% of resource extraction and solid waste production. [2,3] As a way to overcome the social, economic, and environmental problems of this linear economic system, the concept of the circular economy is increasingly gaining attention. Activating the built environment as a material reserve for the construction of future cities would not only provide valuable local resources, but also potentially prevent up to 50% of the industry’s emissions by capitalizing on embodied carbon. [1] However, this requires radical paradigm shifts in how we design and construct buildings (e.g. materials selection/ design for disassembly), and in how resources are managed within the built environment. Buildings and regions need to anticipate stocks and flows of materials, documenting and communicating which materials in what quantities and qualities become available for reuse or recycling where and when. RhinoCircular allows direct and immediate feedback on design decisions in respect to formal deliberations, structural considerations, material selection and detailing based on material passports and circularity indicators. It can be integrated in existing and complex workflows and is compatible with industry-standard databases while providing its own essential dataset-complementing missing information.

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Potential of Urban Mine

Cited by 6 publications

References 4 publications

Toward circular and socially just urban mining in global societies and cities: Present state and future perspectives

Toward circular and socially just urban mining in global societies and cities: Present state and future perspectives

Mining the Built Environment: Telling the Story of Urban Mining

RhinoCircular: Development and Testing of a Circularity Indicator Tool for Application in Early Design Phases and Architectural Education

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