Potential of using host plant resistance, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers for reduction of  Aspergillus flavus  colonization and aflatoxin accumulation in maize in Tanzania

Manoza, Fabian S.; Mushongi, Arnold; Harvey, Jagger; Wainaina, James; Wanjuki, Immaculate; Ngeno, Robert; Darnell, Ross; Gnonlonfin, Benoit; Massomo, S.M.S.

doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2016.11.021

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Management is a critical strategy for aflatoxin reduction. Aflatoxin management strategies include biological control [6,7], predictive modelling [8], innovative storage techniques [9], breeding efforts [10,11], aflatoxin reduction strategies [12] and detection [13]. However, detection plays a key role in aflatoxin management because many intervention methods hinge on the ability to monitor the production of the toxin [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near Infrared Spectrometry for Rapid Non-Invasive Modelling of Aspergillus-Contaminated Maturing Kernels of Maize (Zea mays L.)

et al. 2017

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Aflatoxin-producing Aspergillus spp. produce carcinogenic metabolites that contaminate maize. Maize kernel absorbance patterns of near infrared (NIR) wavelengths (800-2600 nm) were used to non-invasively identify kernels of milk-, dough-and dent-stage maturities with four doses of Aspergillus sp. contamination. Near infrared spectrometry (NIRS) spectral data was pre-processed using first derivative Savitzky-Golay (1d-SG) transformation and multiplicative scatter correction on spectral data. Contaminated kernels had higher absorbance between 800-1134 nm, while uninoculated samples had higher absorbance above 1400 nm. Dose and maturity clusters seen in Principal Component Analysis (PCA) score plots were due to bond stretches of combination bands, CH and C=O functional groups within grain macromolecules. The regression model at 2198 nm separated uninoculated and inoculated kernels (p < 0.0001, R 2 = 0.88, root mean square error = 0.15). Non-invasive identification of Aspergillus-contaminated maize kernels using NIR spectrometry was demonstrated in kernels of different maturities.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near Infrared Spectrometry for Rapid Non-Invasive Modelling of Aspergillus-Contaminated Maturing Kernels of Maize (Zea mays L.)

et al. 2017

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“…Three lines were thus identified that scored favorably on these two traits, two of them adapted to tropical lowlands and the third to mid‐altitude (Okoth et al., 2017). Various reports highlight the relationships between resistance of the maize variety, type of maize (flint or dent; early or late maturing), and particularly the nitrogen fertilizer regime (Manoza et al., 2017; Mutiga et al., 2017). These relationships are important in choosing appropriate combinations of agricultural practices and crop variety.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The aflatoxin situation in Africa: Systematic literature review

Meijer

Kleter

Nijs

et al. 2021

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

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Contamination of African staple foods is a major issue for human and animal health, nutrition, and trade. This review aimed to collect and synthesize the available evidence on geographical spread, scale of contamination, disease burden, economic impact, and mitigation measures for aflatoxins in Africa by way of a systematic literature review. This knowledge can enhance management strategies for the major challenges to combat aflatoxins. The search was conducted by applying a predefined search strategy, using bibliographic databases and websites, covering the period 2010 to 2018. Results showed that maize, peanuts, and animal feeds were the most studied commodities. For maize, all studies indicated mean AFB1 to exceed the European Union legal limit. From studies on contamination levels and biomarkers, it is clear that overall exposure is high, leading to a substantial increase in long‐term disease burden. In addition, concentrations in food occasionally can reach very high levels, causing acute aflatoxicoses. The trade‐related impact of aflatoxin contamination was mainly evaluated from the standpoint of aflatoxin regulation affecting products imported from Africa. There was a limited number of studies on health‐related economic impacts, pointing out a gap in peer‐reviewed literature. A number of mitigation measures have been developed, but proof of cost‐effectiveness or even costs alone of the practices is often lacking. We recommend more emphasis to be put in peer‐reviewed studies on evidence‐based cost‐effective mitigation strategies for aflatoxins, on the scale and spread of the problem and its impacts on public health and economics for use in evidence‐based policies.

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“…The LGPBS can have a stock of the seed of the adapted and well-performing maize cultivars for provision to farmers during the planting season. Among the traits that have been associated with reduced mycotoxin accumulation in maize are early maturity, tolerances to drought, insect damage, low soil nitrogen, and compactness of the endosperm (flintiness) [8,56,57]. As a long-term intervention strategy, breeders could work with the LGPBS to identify key germplasm for integration of the traits that are correlated with mycotoxin resistance into high adapted and yielding backgrounds using modern breeding methods such as genomic selection [58].…”

Section: A Good Agronomic Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Food Safety through Adoption of Long-Term Technical Advisory, Financial, and Storage Support Services in Maize Growing Areas of East Africa

2019

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Grain production and storage are major components in food security. In the ancient times, food security was achieved through gathering of fruits, grains, herbs, tubers, and roots from the forests by individual households. Advancements in human civilization led to domestication of crops and a need to save food for not only a household, but the nation. This extended need for food security led to establishment of national reservoirs for major produces and this practice varies greatly in different states. Each of the applied food production, handling, and storage approaches has its benefits and challenges. In sub-Saharan Africa, several countries have a public funded budget to subsidize production costs, to buy grains from farmers, and to store the produce for a specific period and/or until the next harvests. During the times of famine, the stored grains are later sold at subsidized prices or are given for free to the starving citizens. If there is no famine, the grain is sold to retailers and/or processors (e.g., millers) who later sell it to the consumers. This approach works well if the produce (mainly grain) is stored under conditions that do not favor growth of molds, as some of these microbes could contaminate the grain with toxic and carcinogenic metabolites called mycotoxins. Conditions that alleviate contamination of grains are required during production, handling, and storage. Most of the grain is produced by smallholder farmers under sub-optimal conditions, making it vulnerable to colonization and contamination by toxigenic fungi. Further, the grain is stored in silos at large masses, where it is hard to monitor the conditions at different points of these facilities, and hence, it becomes vulnerable to additional contamination. Production and storage of grain under conditions that favor mycotoxins poses major food health and safety risks to humans and livestock who consume it. This concept paper focuses on how establishment of a local grain production and banking system (LGPBS) could enhance food security and safety in East Africa. The concept of LGPBS provides an extension of advisory and finance support within warehouse receipt system to enhance grain production under optimal conditions. The major practices at the LGPBS and how each could contribute to food security and safety are discussed. While the concept paper gives more strength on maize production and safety, similar practices could be applied to enhance safety of other grains in the same LGPBS.

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Potential of using host plant resistance, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers for reduction of Aspergillus flavus colonization and aflatoxin accumulation in maize in Tanzania

Cited by 16 publications

References 15 publications

Near Infrared Spectrometry for Rapid Non-Invasive Modelling of Aspergillus-Contaminated Maturing Kernels of Maize (Zea mays L.)

Near Infrared Spectrometry for Rapid Non-Invasive Modelling of Aspergillus-Contaminated Maturing Kernels of Maize (Zea mays L.)

The aflatoxin situation in Africa: Systematic literature review

Enhancing Food Safety through Adoption of Long-Term Technical Advisory, Financial, and Storage Support Services in Maize Growing Areas of East Africa

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