Potential palaeoenvironmental information of C24 to C36 mid-chain diols, keto-ols and mid-chain hydroxy fatty acids; a critical review

Evaluation of long chain 1,14-alkyl diols in marine sediments as indicators for upwelling and temperature

“…The polar fraction was analyzed, after silylation of alcohols to the trimethyl silyl (TMS) derivatives, with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 150 (GC-MS). Fractional abundances of the long chain alkyl diols were calculated from relevant peak areas of mass chromatograms obtained using selected ion monitoring (SIM) of m/z 299, 313, 327, 341 and 355, which represent characteristic fragment ions of the relevant diols (Versteegh et al, 1997). Differences in the contribution of the selected ions to the total mass spectra (m/z 50-800) of saturated and unsaturated long chain alkyl diols were taken into 155 account as described by Rampen et al (2009).…”

“…However, the role of eustigmatophytes as a source of marine long chain alkyl diols remains unclear. Reports of eustigmatophyte algae in marine environments are sparse and the long chain alkyl diol composition of marine eustigmatophytes does not match those of marine sediments (Volkman et al, 1992;Versteegh et al, 1997; Rampen et al, 60 2012). Despite uncertainties concerning their sources, recent work has indicated a strong correlation between sea surface temperatures (SST) and the fractional abundances of C28 1,13-, C30 1,13-and C30 1,15-diols in marine sediments.…”

“…Eglinton and Eglinton, 2008 and references therein). Long chain alkyl diols form one group with high biomarker potential; after their discovery in the 50 Black Sea (De Leeuw et al, 1981), they have been identified widespread in Quaternary sediments from low to high latitudes (Versteegh et al, 1997;2000 and references therein).…”

“…Eglinton and Eglinton, 2008 and references therein). Long chain alkyl diols form one group with high biomarker potential; after their discovery in the 50 Black Sea (De Leeuw et al, 1981), they have been identified widespread in Quaternary sediments from low to high latitudes (Versteegh et al, 1997; 2000 and references therein).Cultured marine and freshwater eustigmatophyte algae produce series of long chain alkyl diols, consisting mainly of C28 -C32 1,13-and 1,15-diols (Volkman et al, 1999;. In the environment, a recent study on lipids and 18s rRNA genes in a freshwater lake has shown that 55 long chain alkyl diols are produced by eustigmatophytes in the surface waters of the lake (Villanueva et al, 2014).…”

The impact of oxygen exposure on long-chain alkyl diols and the long chain diol index (LDI) – a long-term incubation study

“…Versteegh et al, 1997;Sinninghe Damsté et al, 2003;Rampen et al, 2007Rampen et al, , 2008Rampen et al, , 2014aRampen et al, , 2014bZhang et al, 2011;Romero-Viana et al, 2012;de Bar et al, 2016;Lattaud et al, 2017a). They are composed of long n-alkyl chains with chain lengths of mainly C 28 to C 32 and contain alcohol groups at C 1 and at a mid-chain position, most notably between positions C 12 to C 15 (Versteegh et al, 1997).…”