Potential pathogens in feces from unweaned llamas and alpacas with diarrhea

Cebra, Christopher K.; Mattson, D. E.; Baker, Rocky J.; Sonn, Robert; Dearing, Peggy

doi:10.2460/javma.2003.223.1806

Cited by 83 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…We found that the majority of the 50 crias (80%) affected by the diarrhea outbreak tested positive for Eimeria spp., and nearly half (47.5%) of these animals had no dual infection. Coccidiosis in camelids is caused by several different species belonging to the genus Eimeria [1,8,9,11,19]. It is the main diarrheal pathogen reported in Peruvian camelids and is regarded as the most common cause of death in alpacas younger than 4 months of age [20][21][22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cryptosporidium has been detected in diarrheic alpacas [11,[23][24][25] and has been recognized as diarrheacausing pathogen in preweaning crias younger than 3 weeks of age. Subclinical infection with Cryptosporidium has also been reported in alpacas [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A six-year study of neonatal crias from communal herds in Puno Department, the largest alpaca-producing area in Peru, determined that enteric disorders (especially enterotoxemia) were responsible for 44% of the mortalities [10]. Diarrhea is an important disease in alpacas, and it is the most common cause of morbidity during the preweaning period, affecting about 23% of crias [8,9,11]. The most significant infectious pathogens causing diarrhea in alpacas are Coccidia (affecting crias 21-60 days of age), Cryptosporidium spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(affecting crias 7-120 days of age), Salmonella spp. (affecting crias at any age), Escherichia coli (affecting crias younger than 7 days of age), rotavirus (affecting crias at any age), and coronavirus (affecting crias 10-150 days of age) [8,9,11]. Clostridium spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Outbreak of diarrhea among preweaning alpacas (Vicugna pacos) in the southern Peruvian highland

Rojas

Manchego

Rocha

et al. 2016

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Infections, particularly diarrheal infections, are a major cause of neonatal death in South American camelids. The aim of this study was to identify the pathogens that could have caused the recent diarrhea outbreak among the alpacas in Silli, Cusco, located in the southern Peruvian highland. Methodology: Spleen, kidney, and intestine tissue along with fecal and intestinal lavage samples were obtained from 50 one-to five-week-old alpacas and analyzed for the presence of parasites, bacteria, and viruses. Results: Laboratory testing of the 50 crias included in this study revealed that 80% were infected with Eimeria spp., 40% with coronavirus, 34% with E. coli, 32% with rotavirus, 22% with Clostridium spp., and 20% with Cryptosporidium spp. Of these 50 alpaca crias, 20 presented with a single infection (19 positive for Eimeria spp. and 1 positive for rotavirus). Co-infections with up to four pathogens occurred in 60% of the samples. The significance of such infections is not clear, but it is noteworthy that the animals suffering from necrotic and/or hemorrhagic enteritis presented with quadruple infections. It is likely that co-infections increase the severity of the disease. Conclusions: These data show that multiple pathogens circulate among young alpaca crias and could be associated with diarrheal disease in these animals. The findings from this study warrant the provision of subsidies for future assessment of the potential economic impact of these infections on the productivity of the Peruvian alpaca industry.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Outbreak of diarrhea among preweaning alpacas (Vicugna pacos) in the southern Peruvian highland

Rojas

Manchego

Rocha

et al. 2016

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…Recently, however, C. parvum has been reported in diarrheic stools of young alpacas raised in small farms in the U.S.A. and England [23][24][25][26]. An experimental infection study using Cryptosporidium oocysts isolated from diarrheic stools from alpacas crias reproduced symptoms and course of the newborn alpaca atypical diarrhea reported by Moro in 1965 [18], this suggests that Cryptosporidium may be one of the etiologies of the alpaca NDS [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Neonatal Cryptosporidiosis in Andean Alpacas (Vicugna pacos) in Peru

Clementino¹,

González²,

Gómez-Puerta³

et al. 2009

TOPARAJ

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A national survey was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of Cryptosporidium sp. in alpacas 1 to 15 days-old of age (crias) in 105 Andean herds. Stool samples of 5,163 randomly selected crias from 7 representative geographical regions of Peru were screened using acid fast staining microscopy. Ninety percent of ~2.9 milllion Peruvian alpacas are raised in these areas. Data on geographical characteristics and husbandry practices by region were also collected. Prevalence was determined by study areas and by age (five categories set at three-day intervals). Cryptosporidium sp. was detected in crias from all 7 regions. The overall prevalence was 13%, ranging from 7 to 23% per region. Prevalence was 2% in the youngest and showed an increasing trend by age, reaching 20% in crias 12-15 days old. These oldest crias were more likely to have cryptosporidiosis (OR=2.2, p<0.01). Infections with Cryptosporidium were also significantly associated with low availability of grazing grounds and overcrowding at birth (p<0.01). This study demonstrates that Cryptosporidium is a frequent pathogen in Andean alpaca crias, and suggest that cryptosporidiosis may play a significant role in the alpaca neonatal diarrhea complex that causes significant morbidity and mortality among crias.

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Neonatology

Walker¹

2022

Medicine and Surgery of Camelids

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Potential pathogens in feces from unweaned llamas and alpacas with diarrhea

Cited by 83 publications

References 11 publications

Outbreak of diarrhea among preweaning alpacas (Vicugna pacos) in the southern Peruvian highland

Outbreak of diarrhea among preweaning alpacas (Vicugna pacos) in the southern Peruvian highland

Prevalence of Neonatal Cryptosporidiosis in Andean Alpacas (Vicugna pacos) in Peru

Neonatology

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