Potential protective effects of l-carnitine against neuromuscular ischemia-reperfusion injury: From experimental data to potential clinical applications

Moghaddas, Azadeh; Dashti‐Khavidaki, Simin

doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2015.07.001

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Dietary l-carnitine level (mg/kg) TA B L E 1 Composition and proximate analysis of experimental diets mammals have shown that LC supplementation is a potential antioxidant to be used in the prevention and/or treatment of some diseases (Moghaddas & Dashti-Khavidaki, 2016;Ribas et al, 2014;Traina et al, 2008). However, the antioxidant effects of LC on the fish remain unclear.…”

Section: Ingredient (As G/kg In Dry Basis)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dietary LC supplementation in diets of mammals and fish can increase the energy utilization efficiency by improving lipid oxidation (Harpaz, ). In addition, LC can reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐induced tissue damage in vivo or vitro studies (Ye et al, ), and as a potential antioxidant has been used in prevention for cardiovascular and Alzheimer's disease and therapy for inherited neurometabolic disorders (Moghaddas & Dashti‐Khavidaki, ; Ribas, Vargas, & Wajner, ; Traina, Federighi, & Brunelli, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of dietaryl‐carnitine on growth performance and antioxidant response in Amur minnow (Phoxinus lagowskiiDybowskii)

et al. 2019

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l‐carnitine (LC) is required for transporting long‐chain fatty acids into the mitochondria, where β‐oxidation takes place, and it works as an antioxidant molecule against reactive oxygen species. This study evaluated the effects of LC on the growth and antioxidant function of Amur minnow (Phoxinus lagowskii Dybowskii). Five isonitrogenous (380.4 g/kg) and isoenergetic (17.63 MJ/kg) diets were supplemented with five LC levels: control level (0 mg/kg) and treatment levels (50, 400, 750, or 1,100 mg/kg) were fed to fish (18.19 ± 0.56 g) for 120 days. The results showed that the growth performance of fish fed a diet containing 400 mg/kg of LC was significantly higher than that of the control and those fed other LC level treatments. Similarly, the 400 mg/kg treatment had the best feed efficiency. Further, the levels of total antioxidant capacity and total glutathione in the serum and hepatopancreas of fish fed a diet containing 750 mg/kg of LC were significantly increased; however, malondialdehyde levels were significantly reduced compared to those of the control group. The activities of antioxidant enzymes of 750 mg/kg treatments in the serum and hepatopancreas were significantly higher than those of the control group, including total superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and gamma‐glutamyl‐cysteine synthetase. Finally, 750 mg/kg treatment significantly upregulated the mRNA relative expression of antioxidant enzymes and nuclear factor erythroid‐2‐related factor 2 and inhibited the mRNA level of kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1 in the hepatopancreas. In conclusion, the dietary LC level of 400–750 mg/kg could improve the growth performance, feed utilization and antioxidant defense system of Amur minnow under the culture conditions.

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Section: Ingredient (As G/kg In Dry Basis)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dietaryl‐carnitine on growth performance and antioxidant response in Amur minnow (Phoxinus lagowskiiDybowskii)

et al. 2019

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“…In addition, there is a need to study prevention of damage in fish by exposure to specific combinations of cyanotoxins. Taking into account the neurotoxic effects of CYN [8] and the effectiveness of LC in ameliorating brain injuries [181], another issue for future studies could be the neuroprotection offered by LC against CYN exposure in fish, and comparison of antioxidants. For this purpose, previous studies demonstrated that using short-chain esters of LC such as ALC is recommended over free LC or its long-chain esters such as propionyl- L -carnitine (PLC), because of better crossing of the blood-brain barrier [181].…”

Section: Cylindrospermopsinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Use of Chemoprotectants against the Toxic Effects of Cyanotoxins: A Review

Guzmán-Guillén

Puerto

Gutiérrez-Praena

et al. 2017

Toxins

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Cyanobacterial toxins, particularly microcystins (MCs) and cylindrospermopsin (CYN), are responsible for toxic effects in humans and wildlife. In order to counteract or prevent their toxicity, various strategies have been followed, such as the potential application of chemoprotectants. A review of the main substances evaluated for this aim, as well as the doses and their influence on cyanotoxin-induced toxicity, has been performed. A search of the literature shows that research on MCs is much more abundant than research on CYN. Among chemoprotectants, antioxidant compounds are the most extensively studied, probably because it is well known that oxidative stress is one of the toxic mechanisms common to both toxins. In this group, vitamin E seems to have the strongest protectant effect for both cyanotoxins. Transport inhibitors have also been studied in the case of MCs, as CYN cellular uptake is not yet fully elucidated. Further research is needed because systematic studies are lacking. Moreover, more realistic exposure scenarios, including cyanotoxin mixtures and the concomitant use of chemoprotectants, should be considered.

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“…Studies have demonstrated that in the central nervous system, L-carnitine can be accumulated in neuronal cells. Compared with hydrophilic L-carnitine, acetyl-L-carnitine is much easier to go through the BBB [ 4 ]. Therefore, we prepared a series of novel carnitine esters by the introduction of a variety of hydrophobic groups into the primary structure of L-carnitine to improve the liposolubility, which is propitious to the drug delivery function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic Potential of Novel Twin Compounds Containing Tetramethylpyrazine and Carnitine Substructures in Experimental Ischemic Stroke

Wang

Zhou

Wei

et al. 2017

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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Although studies have seen dramatic advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of stroke such as oxidative stress, inflammation, excitotoxicity, calcium overload and apoptosis, the delivery of stroke therapies is still a great challenge. In this study, we designed and synthesized a series of novel twin compounds containing tetramethylpyrazine and carnitine substructures and explored their therapeutic potential and mechanism in stroke-related neuronal injury. We first screened the neuroprotective effects of candidate compounds and found that among the tested compounds, LR134 and LR143 exhibited significant neuroprotection as evidenced by reducing cerebral infarct and edema, improving neurological function as well as blood-brain barrier integrity in rats after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. We further demonstrated that the neuroprotective effects of compounds LR134 and LR143 were associated with the reduced inflammatory responses and NADPH oxidase- (NOX2-) mediated oxidative stress and the protection of mitochondria accompanied by the improvement of energy supply. In summary, this study provides direct evidence showing that the novel twin compounds containing tetramethylpyrazine and carnitine substructures have neuroprotective effects with multiple therapeutic targets, suggesting that modulation of these chemical structures may be an innovative therapeutic strategy for treating patients with stroke.

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Potential protective effects of l-carnitine against neuromuscular ischemia-reperfusion injury: From experimental data to potential clinical applications

Cited by 20 publications

References 68 publications

Effect of dietaryl‐carnitine on growth performance and antioxidant response in Amur minnow (Phoxinus lagowskiiDybowskii)

Effect of dietaryl‐carnitine on growth performance and antioxidant response in Amur minnow (Phoxinus lagowskiiDybowskii)

Potential Use of Chemoprotectants against the Toxic Effects of Cyanotoxins: A Review

Therapeutic Potential of Novel Twin Compounds Containing Tetramethylpyrazine and Carnitine Substructures in Experimental Ischemic Stroke

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