Potential risk of vapour cloud explosion in FLNG liquefaction modules

Park, Sayyoon; Jeong, Byongug; Lee, Byung Suk; Oterkus, Selda; Zhou, Peilin

doi:10.1016/j.oceaneng.2017.08.032

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Once the explosion happens, a part of the chemical energy produced by the combustion reaction will turn into mechanical energy, resulting in a blast wave. Blast waves produce a pressure increase that builds up in a first moment due to the combustion, but that subsequently diminishes thanks to the expansion of gasses [24]. This increase of pressure is called overpressure, and it characterizes the blast wave of any explosion.…”

Section: Vapor Cloud Explosionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stochastic modeling and analysis of vapor cloud explosions domino effects in chemical plants

Sierra¹,

Montecchi

Mura

2019

J Braz Comput Soc

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Because of the substances they process and the conditions of operation, chemical plants are systems prone to the occurrence of undesirable and potentially dangerous events. Major accidents may occur when a triggering event produces a cascading accident that propagates to other units, a scenario known as domino effect. Assessing the probability of experiencing a domino effect and estimating the magnitude of its consequences is a complex task, as it depends on the nature of the substances being processed, the operating conditions, the failure proneness of equipment units, the execution of preventive maintenance activities, and of course the plant layout. In this work, we propose a stochastic modeling methodology to perform a probabilistic analysis of the likelihood of domino effects caused by propagating vapor cloud explosions. Our methodology combines mathematical models of the physical characteristics of the explosion, with stochastic state-based models representing the actual propagation among equipment units and the effect of maintenance activities. Altogether, the models allow predicting the likelihood of major events occurrence and the associated costs. A case study is analyzed, where various layouts of atmospheric gasoline tanks are assessed in terms of the predicted consequences of domino effects occurrence. The results of the analyses show that our approach can provide precious insights to support decision-making for safety and cost management.

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Section: Vapor Cloud Explosionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stochastic modeling and analysis of vapor cloud explosions domino effects in chemical plants

Sierra¹,

Montecchi

Mura

2019

J Braz Comput Soc

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“…Different from the traditional qualitative risk analysis approach, QRA approaches could integrate the probabilistic modeling of accident frequencies and CFD-based consequence modeling of accident scenarios, which can provide an accurate and efficient probabilistic analysis result for the safety design and decision [8,9]. Until now, a large number of fire and explosion quantitative risk analyses have been conducted for all kinds of offshore platforms [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Therein, J. Li et al [10] conducted a gas dispersion and explosion risk analysis for FLNG platforms with and without blast walls and determined the optimal blast wall layout with lowest the explosion overpressure exceedance frequencies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A. Rajendram et al [13] applied a CFD-based Fire Dynamic Simulator for the fire risk modeling of offshore platforms and compared and analyzed the accuracy of the CFD fire simulation results. S. Park et al [14] conducted a risk analysis of vapor cloud explosions for FLNG topside liquefaction modules and assessed the effect on adjacent modules under the corresponding explosion based on the finite element approach. Nowadays, most literature considers and assesses the one risk of fire or explosion accidents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Risk Analysis of Oil and Gas Fires and Explosions for FPSO Systems in China

et al. 2022

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The LH11-1 FPSO is an 80,000 t cylindrical structure that is responsible for the processing, storage, and offloading of process oil from existing and newly developed oilfields. In this paper, a full probabilistic analysis was developed based on very detailed CFD simulation results to evaluate ventilation, gas dispersion, explosion, and fire scenarios. A detailed fire and explosion risk analysis of LH11-1 FPSO was performed based on NORSOK Z-013 and FABIG Technical Note 11. The risk-based calculations were performed applying FLACS, KFX, and DNV GLEXPRESS Fire. Finally, the oil and gas dispersion, fire, and explosion consequence risks were calculated under the credible combination of leak frequency and leak location. By this probabilistic risk analysis, it was found that the west wind could generate optimal ventilation conditions for the topside process area of FPSO compared to other wind directions, while the hull region was poorly ventilated for all wind directions. The explosion risk analysis showed that the FPSO system would take no action in terms of explosion risk according to the acceptance criteria of 10-4occ/year. Meanwhile, the fire risk analysis demonstrated that the PR1 first and second deck, PR2 first and second deck, process deck, offloading on starboard, and the base of the flare tower would have different impacts from the fire, and the PR1 first deck and PR2 first deck at the topside deck would be severely impacted regions.

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“…Such an uncontrollable release may expose the ship and crews to various risks, such as asphyxiation, cryogenic burns, structural embrittlement and fire and explosion (ISO, 2015a). A number of research warns the potential accidents associated with LNG release (Choi et al, 2018;Dan et al, 2014;Dasgotra et al, 2018;Jeong et al, 2017b;Luo et al, 2018;Park et al, 2017;Park et al, 2018;Vílchez et al, 2013). Tan et al (2014) interestingly carried out a qualitative risk assessment pertinent to LNG release in Beijing city during the Olympic Games, presenting the significant impact of accidents on populated areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety evaluation on LNG bunkering: To enhance practical establishment of safety zone

Jeong

Park

et al. 2020

Ocean Engineering

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This paper is to evaluate the LNG bunkering safety for a 50,000 dead weight tonnage bulk carrier renowned as the world first LNG fuelled bulk carrier. To establish a proper level of the safety zone against the potential risk of gas release from the LNG bunkering systems encompassing from truck to ship, it introduces an enhanced quantitative risk assessment process with two key ideas: firstly, the integration of the population-independent analysis with the population-dependent analysis, and secondly, the combination between the probabilistic analysis and CFD simulation for gas dispersion.Research results reveal that the appropriate levels of the safe zone can be set at 28.8 m in 1E-4 /year criterion that concerns the individual risk of a fatality at the given distance to the risk source of 1 in 10,000 years, whereas at 46.6 m (in 1E-5 /year criterion) and at 213.3 m (in 1E-6 / year criterion) when the area within 5 % and higher gas concentration in air is regarded the critical zone. On the other hand, in case of the critical area considered to be within 2.5 % and higher gas concentration in air, the safety zone will much expand to 34.9 m (in 1E-4 /year criterion), 80.4 m (in 1E-5 /year criterion) and 541.8 m (in 1E-6 /year criterion). These dissimilarities suggest that LNG bunkering ports pay attention to selecting appropriate safety criteria which would considerably change the range of safety zones. The case study also demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach that can remedy the shortcomings/shortfalls of existing technical and regulatory guidance on establishing the zones. It is, therefore, believed that the risk assessment approach proposed in this paper can contribute to determining the appropriate level of safety zones whereas providing practical insight into port authorities and flag states.

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Potential risk of vapour cloud explosion in FLNG liquefaction modules

Cited by 14 publications

References 15 publications

Stochastic modeling and analysis of vapor cloud explosions domino effects in chemical plants

Stochastic modeling and analysis of vapor cloud explosions domino effects in chemical plants

Quantitative Risk Analysis of Oil and Gas Fires and Explosions for FPSO Systems in China

Safety evaluation on LNG bunkering: To enhance practical establishment of safety zone

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