Potential role of fecal volatile organic compounds as biomarkers of chemically induced intestinal inflammation in mice

Abstract

Metabolomics studies have the potential to discover biomarkers. Fecal volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been found to differ in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome. Murine models of colitis offer an alternative to human studies in which diet can be controlled. We aimed to investigate fecal VOCs from mice in which acute and chronic colitis was induced. Groups of adult C57BL/6 mice underwent treatment with oral dextran sulfate sodium to induce colitis. Control mice received no treatment or had acute osmotic diarrhea induced with magnesium sulfate. Colitis was assessed clinically and by histology. Samples of feces and/or colon contents were collected and volatile compounds determined by solid phase microextraction–GC‐MS. Statistics were performed using metabolomics tools. Acute colitis was associated with an increase in aldehydes and chronic colitis with one specific ketone. Osmotic diarrhea was associated with a significant reduction in VOCs, especially alcohols. We provide evidence that the identification of disease‐associated VOC concentration ranges, combined with specific marker compounds, would potentially increase the likelihood of finding an inflammatory bowel disease–specific fecal VOC marker profile.—Reade, S., Williams, J. M., Aggio, R., Duckworth, C. A., Mahalhal, A., Hough, R., Pritchard, D. M., Probert, C. S., Potential role of fecal volatile organic compounds as biomarkers of chemically induced intestinal inflammation in mice. FASEB J. 33, 3129–3136 (2019). http://www.fasebj.org

Review on Volatolomic Studies as a Frontier Approach in Animal Research

“…[ 47 ] In another study, no more than 130 mg of stool was collected and stored in 2 mL glass vials at –20 °C, while an equivalent volume was collected by means of a pipette when the stool was liquid; in this experiment, the fecal VOCs were captured with an SPME fiber after heating the vial at 60 °C for 10 min. [ 48 ] In this later study, colon content was also sampled and handled in the same way when the mice were killed, while differentiating between faces and colon content during sample analysis. [ 48 ]…”

“…[ 48 ] In this later study, colon content was also sampled and handled in the same way when the mice were killed, while differentiating between faces and colon content during sample analysis. [ 48 ]…”

“…Different intestinal inflammations such as acute colitis, osmotic diarrhea, and chronic colitis were induced in mice, and their effect was investigated on feces and colon content VOCs. [ 48 ] When the mice with acute colitis were compared with a group of untreated controls, five compounds were identified as possible biomarkers of acute colitis in feces (Table 5—Section A), and eight compounds in the colon content (Table 5—Section B). Among them, one aldehyde (propanal) and one ketone (3‐hydroxybutan‐2‐one) were found both in feces and in the colon content.…”

Analisis Termodinamika Molekul Magnesium Sulphate (MgSO4)

“…Magnesium sulfat memiliki nilai pH sekitar 6,0 (5,5 -6,5) pada keadaan standar dan tekanan uap pada suhu 20°C < 0,01 mmHg (96)(97)(98) . Magnesium sulfat anhidrat (99-103) bersifat sangat higroskopik oleh karenanya senyawa magnesium sulfat biasa didapati dalam bentuk hidrat dengan struktur kristal monoklin.…”

“…Magnesium sulfat (MgSO4) atau yang sering disebut dengan garam Inggris yang dapat dijumpai dalam bentuk magnesium sulfat heptahidrat (MgSO4.7H2O) merupakan salah satu produk industri. MgSO4.7H2O atau magnesium sulfat heptahidrat sering dinamakan dengan garam Epsom (91)(92)(93)(94)(95) .Magnesium sulfat memiliki nilai pH sekitar 6,0 (5,5 -6,5) pada keadaan standar dan tekanan uap pada suhu 20°C < 0,01 mmHg (96)(97)(98) . Magnesium sulfat anhidrat (99-103) bersifat sangat higroskopik oleh karenanya senyawa magnesium sulfat biasa didapati dalam bentuk hidrat dengan struktur kristal monoklin.…”