Potential role of soil properties in the spread of CWD in western Canada

Kuznetsova, Alsu; McKenzie, Debbie; Banser, Pamela; Siddique, Tariq; Aiken, Judd M.

doi:10.4161/pri.28467

Cited by 25 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The disease is transmitted horizontally by contact with pathogenic prions shed in bodily fluids [6,7] and vertically from mother to offspring [8,9]. Once shed, prions have been shown to persist in the environment, potentially remaining infectious and furthering disease spread long after affected deer have dispersed [10–12]. If left unchecked CWD prevalence will increase slowly over time [13–16] and deer population densities will decline [17,18], possibly to the point of extirpation [19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the geographic distribution of prion protein gene sequence variation on patterns of chronic wasting disease spread in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)

Brandt

Green

Ishida

et al. 2018

Prion

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Managing and controlling the spread of diseases in wild animal populations is challenging, especially for social and mobile species. Effective management benefits from information about disease susceptibility, allowing limited resources to be focused on areas or populations with a higher risk of infection. Chronic wasting disease (CWD), a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy that affects cervids, was detected in Colorado in the late 1960s. CWD was detected in Illinois and Wisconsin in 2002 and has since spread through many counties. Specific nucleotide variations in the prion protein gene (PRNP) sequence have been associated with reduced susceptibility to CWD in white-tailed deer. Though genetic resistance is incomplete, the frequency of deer possessing these mutations in a population is an important factor in disease spread (i.e. herd immunity). In this study we sequenced 625 bp of the PRNP gene from a sampling of 2433 deer from Illinois and Wisconsin. In north-central Illinois where CWD was first detected, counties had a low frequency of protective haplotypes (frequency <0.20); whereas in northwestern Illinois counties, where CWD cases have only more recently been detected, the frequency of protective haplotypes (frequency >0.30) was much higher (p < 0.05). Protective haplotype frequencies varied significantly among infected and uninfected geographic areas. The frequency of protective PRNP haplotypes may contribute to population level susceptibility and may shape the way CWD has spread through Illinois. Analysis of PRNP haplotype distribution could be a useful tool to assess CWD risk and allocate resources to contain and reduce the spread of infection.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the geographic distribution of prion protein gene sequence variation on patterns of chronic wasting disease spread in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)

Brandt

Green

Ishida

et al. 2018

Prion

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“…; Kuznetsova et al . ). CWD is considered highly contagious, with efficient horizontal transmission favored by cervid interactions and environmental persistence and uptake of infectious CWD prions (Johnson et al .…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In CWD, PrP Sc can be found in many extraneural tissues, body fluids, and excreta (Mathiason et al 2006;Pulford et al 2012;John et al 2013). The shedding of prions into the environment makes the soil a reservoir of infectious prions for decades (Johnson et al 2006;Smith et al 2011;Saunders et al 2012;Kuznetsova et al 2014). CWD is considered highly contagious, with efficient horizontal transmission favored by cervid interactions and environmental persistence and uptake of infectious CWD prions (Johnson et al 2007;Pritzkow et al 2015).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellulose ether treatment in vivo generates chronic wasting disease prions with reduced protease resistance and delayed disease progression

Hannaoui

Arifin

Chang

et al. 2019

Journal of Neurochemistry

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Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a prion disease of free‐ranging and farmed cervids that is highly contagious because of extensive prion shedding and prion persistence in the environment. Previously, cellulose ether compounds (CEs) have been shown to significantly extend the survival of mice inoculated with mouse‐adapted prion strains. In this study, we used CEs, TC‐5RW, and 60SH‐50, in vitro and in vivo to assess their efficacy to interfere with CWD prion propagation. In vitro, CEs inhibited CWD prion amplification in a dose‐dependent manner. Transgenic mice over‐expressing elk PrPC (tgElk) were injected subcutaneously with a single dose of either of the CEs, followed by intracerebral inoculation with different CWD isolates from white tailed deer, mule deer, or elk. All treated groups showed a prolonged survival of up to more than 30 % when compared to the control group regardless of the CWD isolate used for infection. The extended survival in the treated groups correlated with reduced proteinase K resistance of prions. Remarkably, passage of brain homogenates from treated or untreated animals in tgElk mice resulted in a prolonged life span of mice inoculated with homogenates from CE‐treated mice (of + 17%) even in the absence of further treatment. Besides the delayed disease onset upon passage in TgElk mice, the reduced proteinase K resistance was maintained but less pronounced. Therefore, these compounds can be very useful in limiting the spread of CWD in captive and wild‐ranging cervids.

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“…Horizontal transmission is the most likely route of infection. It can efficiently occur by contact with affected animals, since CWD prions are secreted and excreted to urine, feces, saliva and blood; or through environmental exposure to CWD-contaminated graze, soil or water (Almberg et al, 2011;Kuznetsova et al, 2014;Mathiason et al, 2006;Miller et al, 2004;Nichols et al, 2009;Safar et al, 2008;Sigurdson, 2008;Sigurdson and Miller, 2003;Tamguney et al, 2009). A limited maternal transmission has also been proposed (Nalls et al, 2013).…”

Section: Chronic Wasting Disease (Cwd)mentioning

confidence: 99%