Potential roles of carnitine in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review

Maleki, Vahid; Jafari‐Vayghan, Hamed; Kashani, Arvin; Moradi, Fardin; Vajdi, Mahdi; Kheirouri, Sorayya; Alizadeh, Mohammad

doi:10.1080/09513590.2019.1576616

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Regarding LC and ALC, our results are in line with previous observations on humans and mouse model. Numerous studies report that LC supplementation counteracts metabolic and hormonal PCOS symptoms and positively affects folliculogenesis, ovulation and pregnancy rate [4,9,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29], possibly in relation to favorable influence on serum biomarkers of oxidative stress [40]. Samimi et al [10] observed that PCOS patients receiving both ALC and LC presented the reduction of body weight and insulin resistance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several reports have highlighted the presence of low serum levels of carnitines in PCOS obese and non-obese women, in association with insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism [9,10,23,24]. Therefore, LC supplementation has been successfully employed in PCOS patients, who, as a consequence, showed improvements in hormonal and metabolic parameters, increased energy consumption, a reduction of lipids and body weight [4,9,[23][24][25][26][27][28]. In two different studies, LC administration has improved menstrual cycle regularity, ovulation and pregnancy rates [9,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regulatory Functions of L-Carnitine, Acetyl, and Propionyl L-Carnitine in a PCOS Mouse Model: Focus on Antioxidant/Antiglycative Molecular Pathways in the Ovarian Microenvironment

et al. 2020

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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex metabolic disorder associated with female infertility. Based on energy and antioxidant regulatory functions of carnitines, we investigated whether acyl-L-carnitines improve PCOS phenotype in a mouse model induced by dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). CD1 mice received DHEA for 20 days along with two different carnitine formulations: one containing L-carnitine (LC) and acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC), and the other one containing also propionyl-L-carnitine (PLC). We evaluated estrous cyclicity, testosterone level, ovarian follicle health, ovulation rate and oocyte quality, collagen deposition, lipid droplets, and 17ß-HSD IV (17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type IV) expression. Moreover, we analyzed protein expression of SIRT1, SIRT3, SOD2 (superoxide dismutase 2), mitochondrial transcriptional factor A (mtTFA), RAGE (receptor for AGEs), GLO2 (glyoxalase 2) and ovarian accumulation of MG-AGEs (advanced glycation end-products formed by methylglyoxal). Both carnitine formulations ameliorated ovarian PCOS phenotype and positively modulated antioxidant molecular pathways in the ovarian microenvironment. Addition of PLC to LC-ALC formulation mitigated intraovarian MG-AGE accumulation and increased mtTFA expression. In conclusion, our study supports the hypothesis that oral administration of acyl-L-carnitines alleviates ovarian dysfunctions associated with this syndrome and that co-administration of PLC provides better activity. Molecular mechanisms underlying these effects include anti-oxidant/glycative activity and potentiation of mitochondria.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulatory Functions of L-Carnitine, Acetyl, and Propionyl L-Carnitine in a PCOS Mouse Model: Focus on Antioxidant/Antiglycative Molecular Pathways in the Ovarian Microenvironment

et al. 2020

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“…The pathophysiology of PCOS is not precisely defined because it is a complex and multiple etiology affected by a set of genetic and environmental factors [ 3 ]. In general, the main roles of PCOS pathogenesis are hyperandrogenism and hyperinsulinemia, both stimulating each other [ 4 , 5 ]; this leads to several metabolic abnormalities including obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, increased inflammation and oxidative stress [ 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanistic and therapeutic insight into the effects of cinnamon in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review

et al. 2021

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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine diseases in the women at their reproductive age. Nowadays, the use of herbal compounds for lesser side effects, as compared to drug treatments, has become popular for the prevention and reduction of the complications of this disease. Evidence suggests that cinnamon, given its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, can be associated with reduced metabolic complications from chronic non-communicable diseases. This systematic review aimed to determine the potential effect of cinnamon on the metabolic status in the PCOS. PICO framework for current systematic review was Population (P): subjects with PCOS; Intervention (I): oral cinnamon supplement; Comparison (C): the group as control or administered placebo; and Outcome (O): changed inflammatory, oxidative stress, lipid profile, glycemic, hormonal and anthropometric parameters and ovarian function. PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, ProQuest and Google Scholar were searched from their very inception until January, 2020, considering specific keywords to explore the related studies. Out of 266 studies retrieved by the search strategy, only nine were eligible for evaluation. All clinical trials, animal studies, and published English-language journal studies were eligible for this review. The results showed that increased high-density lipoprotein and insulin sensitivity were increased by the cinnamon supplementation while low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, and blood glucose were decreased in patients with PCOS. However, the results related to the potential effects of cinnamon on body weight and body mass index were inconsistent, thus calling for further studies. Also, despite improved results regarding the effect of cinnamon on oxidative stress and ovarian function, further studies are required to explore the precise mechanisms. Overall, the effects of cinnamon on the improvement of metabolic status in PCOS were promising. However, to observe clinical changes following cinnamon supplementation in PCOS, more clinical trials with higher doses of cinnamon and a longer duration of intervention are needed.

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“…Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrinological abnormalities in reproductive‐aged women, with a prevalence of 2–20% worldwide (Maleki et al, 2019). The main clinical manifestations of PCOS are anovulation with menstrual irregularities, hyperandrogenism, infertility and metabolic abnormalities, which is frequently accompanied by obesity and insulin resistance (IR) (Conway et al, 2014; Deugarte, Alfred, & Ricardo, 2005; Trikudanathan, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomics and correlation network analysis of follicular fluid reveals associations between l‐tryptophan, l‐tyrosine and polycystic ovary syndrome

Hou

Zhao

Hang

et al. 2020

Biomedical Chromatography

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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine and metabolic disorder in women of reproductive age. Some studies have investigated metabolic alterations in plasma and follicular fluid from PCOS patients, but they did not control for obesity or insulin resistance (IR); additionally, correlation analysis of metabolites is sparse. Accordingly, in this study, we aimed to examine metabolic differences owing to the pathogenesis of PCOS, identify the hub metabolites and investigate its associations with androgens. We applied GC–MS platform coupled with a correlation network approach to analyze follicular fluid samples from 32 PCOS patients without obesity and IR and 31 healthy women. Thirty significantly altered metabolites in PCOS patients were enriched in amino acid metabolism. l‐Phenylalanine, l‐tryptophan, pyroglutamic acid, l‐tyrosine, l‐leucine and l‐valine were screened as hub metabolites in metabolic correlation network. Among them, increased l‐tryptophan and l‐tyrosine were altered hub metabolites, and they had a more significant impact on the metabolic change of PCOS. In addition, l‐tryptophan and l‐tyrosine were significantly positively associated with serum androgens levels in the PCOS. Our results suggest that disorders of amino acid metabolism, especially tryptophan and tyrosine metabolism, might play an important role in the development of PCOS in predisposed women without obesity and IR.

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Potential roles of carnitine in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review

Cited by 9 publications

References 60 publications

Regulatory Functions of L-Carnitine, Acetyl, and Propionyl L-Carnitine in a PCOS Mouse Model: Focus on Antioxidant/Antiglycative Molecular Pathways in the Ovarian Microenvironment

Regulatory Functions of L-Carnitine, Acetyl, and Propionyl L-Carnitine in a PCOS Mouse Model: Focus on Antioxidant/Antiglycative Molecular Pathways in the Ovarian Microenvironment

Mechanistic and therapeutic insight into the effects of cinnamon in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review

Metabolomics and correlation network analysis of follicular fluid reveals associations between l‐tryptophan, l‐tyrosine and polycystic ovary syndrome

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